Week 26

本期语法讲坛：定语从句。

DAY126

L30-1: The death of a ghost

For years, villagers believed that Endley farm was haunted. The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. They employed a few farm hands, but no one was willing to work there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the sam story. Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find the work had been done overnight. Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned.

知识点：

单词：

haunted/ˈhɔːntid/adj.

1.（房屋等）有鬼魂出没的，闹鬼的

2.（表情）焦虑的，忧心忡忡的

• eg. She looked so haunted, I almost didn't recognize her.

  她愁容满面，我差点儿没认出她来。

haunt

1.v.（不愉快的事）萦绕在心头，缠绕；使经常苦恼；不断困扰

2.a place often visited 常去的地方

• eg. This pub used to be one of your old haunts, didn't it Jim?

  这个酒吧你以前经常去，对不对，吉姆？

3.(of a ghost) to appear in a place repeatedly （鬼魂）经常出没

• eg. A ghostly lady is said to haunt the stairway looking for her children.

  据说有一个女人像幽灵似的经常出现在楼梯上寻找她的孩子。

farmhand/ˈfɑːmhænd /农场工人

labourer/ˈleibərə(r) /(尤指户外的)体力劳动者，劳工，工人

hay/hei/ n.干草

make hay while the sun shines (saying)

英英：to make good use of opportunities, good conditions, etc. while they last

趁有太阳时晒干草；抓紧时机；打铁趁热

cowshed/ˈkauʃed/牛棚；牛舍

句式：

wake up only to find ……，结果却……

长难句、语法：

Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the sam story.

every time每次，每当；相当于whenever，为从属连词，引导时间状语从句。说明主句谓语动词所做的时间。

精妙翻译：

For years, villagers believed that Endley farm was haunted.

多年来，村民们一直认为恩得利农场在闹鬼。

• “一直”是译者补充，文中并没有出现一直对应的词，但是有for years，内含对应的概念即是如此。

Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find the work had been done overnight.

雇工们说，常常一早起来发现有人在夜里把活干了。

这里的always翻译成“常常”，only to find并没有直接翻译成“结果却”，而是自然顺译出。

DAY127

L30-2: The death of a ghost

A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of their work for them. No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn that the ghost of Endley had died.

知识点：

单词：

conscientious 英/ˌkɔnʃi:ˈenʃəs/ 美/ˌkɑnʃiˈɛnʃəs/ adj.

1.Guided by or in accordance with the dictates of conscience; principled

本着良心的：由良心指引或与良心一致的；有原则的

• eg. a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice.

  本着良心决定说出不义之事

2.Thorough and assiduous:负责的：周全的和勤勉的

• eg. a conscientious teacher

• eg. a conscientious worker 勤勤恳恳的工作者

3.conscience 英/ˈkɔnʃəns/ 美/ˈkɑnʃəns/

n.良心；是非之心；正义之心

• eg. Let your conscience be your guide. 让你的良心指引你

• eg. a person of unflagging conscience. 正义感坚定的人

suspect / səˈspekt /

1.vt.猜想，想象（=imagine）

• eg. I suspect they are very disappointed.

  我猜想他们很失望

2.怀疑，不信任（To have doubts about, distrust）

• eg. I suspect his motives.

  我怀疑他的动机

3.怀疑（有犯罪之嫌疑）

To think (a person) guilty without proof

• eg. The police suspect her of murder.

  警察怀疑她犯了谋杀罪

4.adj. （形容词）可疑的，受到怀疑的

Open to or viewed with suspicion:

• eg. a suspect policy; suspect motives.

  可疑的警察；令人怀疑的动机

5.相关拓展

suspicious /sə'spɪʃəs/

adj.可疑的, 引起怀疑的

• eg. Most cats remain suspicious of human beings all their lives.(L9 Flying cats)

suspicion

n.猜疑, 怀疑

6.其他相关表达

suspect sb to be

• eg. I suspect him to be a spy.

suspect sb of doing/n

• eg. I suspect him of stealing the car.

suspect sb. of a crime

怀疑某人犯罪

suspect that…

• eg. We suspect they'll be a little late.

  我们揣想他们会晚来一会儿。

词组：

claimed to do…声称做……

stay up 留在原地，原地不动，熬夜（= not to go to bed）

= sit up 坐起, 端坐, 熬夜

burn the midnight oil 开夜车

in time

1.Before a time limit expires. 及时，不迟

• eg. The doctor came in time to save his life.

  医生及时来抢救他的生命。

2.Within an indefinite time; eventually 迟早，最后；经过一段时间之后；久而久之

• eg. In time you'll forget him.

  你迟早会忘了他的。

• eg. In time you'll learn everything.

  总有一天你一切都会明白的。

句式：

It became an accepted fact that… 变成了一个大家都接受的事实

• eg. It becomes an accepted fact that the puma is still at large.

= Everybody had already accepted the fact that the puma is still at large.

No one suspected that there might be …

谁也没想到……

This was indeed the case.

事实上确有此事（确有此人）。

villagers were astonished to learn that …

be astonished = be surprised

类似的词：amaze, astound

be astonished to do sth（可代替do的词：see, learn, hear, find, know, discover）

• eg. The police were astounded to learn that Mrs Ramsay had paid the kidnapper a large sum of money.

长难句、语法：

A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight.

who从属连词，引导非限定定语从句（L08），对a farm worker作进一步说明。

These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at Saint Bernard Monastery.

It became an accepted fact that… 变成了一个大家都接受的事实

That引导同位语从句, 补充说明fact。

精妙翻译：

In time, It became an accepted fact that…

• in time在这里的意思应该是“最终， 最后”，文里译作“随着时间的流逝”

  No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen.

• suspect的翻译以及宾语从句加定语从句的翻译，简洁明了。

DAY128

L30-3: The death of a ghost

Everyone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fifty years. Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers. He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War.

知识点：

单词：

oblige / əˈblaidʒ / v

1.通过体力、法律、社会或道义的手法强迫、强制

2.使感谢或感激：To make indebted or grateful

• eg. I am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality.

  我很感谢你的热情好客

3.施恩惠于，帮助：To do a service or favor for

• eg. They obliged us by arriving early.

  他们来帮了我们一个大忙

4.相关拓展

• be obliged to do sth = be forced to do sth 被迫做某事

• feel obliged to do sth有义务做某事

词组

Keep secret 保密 （= keep sth to oneself）

reveal secret 揭露秘密（= make known）

be obliged to do… = be force to do… 被迫做某事

join the army 参军

句式：

the ‘ghost’ was none other than…

none other than = no other than 不是别的（别人）,而正是... （强调人）

• eg. The man who spoke to her was none other than her husband.

  和她说话的不是别人正是她丈夫。

• eg. It was no other than my old friend.

长难句、语法：

Everyone went to the funeral, for the ‘ghost’ was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother，who was supposed to have died as a young man.

For(= as)引导原因状语从句, 对主句补充说明。

Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers.

1.同一句发现old的两种比较级的用法，old，older，oldest 既可从来指人的实际年龄大小，也可以用来表示事物的新旧及其他引申意义。elder和eldest通常仅限于某些特定用法，指人的长幼，一般只用于在表示亲属的名词前作定语，比如句中的son。

2.very much older than his two brothers，形容词短语有时被置于一名词或代词之后，作用类似于同位语，相当于非限制性定语从句（who was very much…），有时候甚至被放在句首。

• eg. Conscientious and eager，she took down what was said，careful not to miss a word.

  她认真热情，把说的话一字不漏地记了下来。

DAY129

L30-4: The death of a ghost

As he hated army life he decided to desert his regiment. When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, he returned to the farm and his farther hid him until the end of the war. Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. His father told everybody that Eric had been killed in action. The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob.

知识点：

单词：

desert/ diˈzə:t /v

1.远离，遗弃

• eg. deserted her friend in a time of need.

  抛弃了需要她的朋友

2.誓绝：以命令或以誓言强制放弃（军队官职等）

3.vi. 擅离职守：放弃职责或岗位，尤指从军队中开小差，在本文中的含义

4.n. 发音/ˈdezət/ 荒地，荒原：空旷，荒芜的地方；荒地

5.adj. 发音/ˈdezət/ 荒凉的，不毛的；贫瘠而无人居住的；荒芜的，废弃的

• eg.a desert island.

  荒凉的岛

regiment/ˈredʒəmənt/ （军队）团，一大群人

authority /əˈθɔ:riti/ n

权力机构，当局；权威

• eg.Deputies were given authority to make arrests.

  代表们被授予拘捕权

• eg. a city transit authority.

  城市运输当局

• eg. a reference book often cited as an authority.

  一本常被引为权威的参考书

词组

keep secret 保密 （= keep sth to oneself）conceal the secret from…

Reveal secret 揭露秘密（= make known）

Be obliged to do… = be force to do… 被迫做某事（强调必要性）

• eg.When his engine failed, he was forced to land on the sea.

join the army 参军

join+团体、组织等名词，入党，入团，参军等。

join+sb，跟sb一起做……

但参加群众性活动、会议不用join，用take part in或attend

in action 在战斗中

desert his regiment 逃离所在部队

句式：

The only other people who knew…was…

除此之外，只有…知道…

The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said…

(L18 Electric currents in modern art)

The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is Geroge Carlton.

(L24 A skeleton in the cupboard)

The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae.

(L25 The cutty sark)

长难句、语法：

Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well.

Fearing the authorities

现在分词做原因状语从句

DAY130

L30-5: The death of a ghost

They did not even tell their wives. When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley. When he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer.

知识点：

单词：

recluse 英/ riˈkluːs/ 美/ ˈrekluːs /

1.n.隐士：逃遁离开这个世界而居住于偏僻之地且常常是独处的人

2.adj. Withdrawn from the world; reclusive.

隐居的；偏僻的：遁世的；冷落的

词组：

be unaware of不知道的, 没有觉察的

• eg. be unaware of the danger 没有觉察到危险

• eg.He was unaware that I was present. 他不知道我在场。

拓展aware adj.知道的, 明白的

• eg. I was not aware of the fire. 我没有意识到火。

句式：

When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding.

They thought it their duty to…（it是形式宾语）

-- I thought it very difficult to pass the examination.

-- We all think it our duty to support our parents.

-- We found it quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.

= It is quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.

动词 + 宾语（形式宾语it）+ 宾补(名词、形容词) + to do…

长难句、语法：

He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.

Quite unaware of… 形容词短语做结果状语

that关系代词引导同位语从句。