Week 69
Last updated
Was this helpful?
Last updated
Was this helpful?
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the would could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the hattlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce if from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as a the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit
GEORGE ORWELL：pen name
Eric Arthur Blair(25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950)，better known by hispen nameGeorge Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic whose work is marked by lucid明晰的 prose散文, awareness ofsocial injustice, opposition tototalitarianism极权主义and outspoken support ofdemocratic socialism民主社会主义.
Orwell wroteliterary criticism, poetry, fiction andpolemical journalism. He is best known for the allegoricalnovellaAnimal Farm(1945) and thedystopiannovelNineteen Eighty-Four(1949).
[U]n. 善意，友好，友好关系
eg. goodwill games
eg. official goodwill visit
have an inclination to do sth.有意做……
follow one's own inclinations随心所欲
eg.I haven't the slightest inclination tobecome a journalist. 先降到最轻微再否定
→inclinev倾向于
be inclined to do sth.倾向于，常常……
eg. Be careful not to annoy the boss, because he is inclined to lose his temper. 常发火
n. 比赛 （泛指/评委打分的比赛）
eg. a speech / beauty / dance contest
use the right word: 比赛 game，match，race，games，open，tournament，championship
正面对抗的比赛：game 美 / match 英
eg. a boxing / basketball / football / volleyball match / game
gamespl形式表示“运动会”
eg. the Olympic Games
race 竞速赛
eg. a car / boat / horse / swimming race
open 公开赛，尤指网球
tournament /ˈtuənəmənt; ˈtɔːn-; ˈtəːn-/ 淘汰性质的锦标赛
championship 冠军赛
deduce A （结论）from B （线索）
eg. deduce effect from cause 由因推果
→deduction n. 结论/推断行为
judge 决断，评判，仔细鉴定过之后的判断
conclude A from B
→conclusion 结论/事情的结束
bring sth to a conclusion 结束
come to/ draw/ reach a conclusion 得到结论
infer A from B 由B推理出A
What can we infer from the passage?
→inference
n. 爱国主义
“patr” = “pater”: father
patriot 爱国者
patriotic 爱国主义的
patriotism 爱国主义
compatriot 同胞
patriarchy 父权制
patricide 弑父罪
paternal 爸的
eg. paternal affection 父爱
paternity=fatherhood爸爸的身份
He is on paternity leave. 产假
v. 使出丑，使丢脸
eg. The dishonest minister was publicly disgraced.
shame …
humiliate …
bring shame on … on+抽象+to sb 拿来的东西
bring disgrace on …
Mary’s boyfriend showed her up by falling asleep at the concert.
eg.
chemical warfare
nuclear warfare
mimic warfare
mimic coloring 模拟色，保护色
mime 哑剧→词义引申→模拟
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
eg. The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.
疯狂的……；过度的……
orgies of hatred
an orgy of killing
an orgy of spending before Christmas
binge / spree 狂热的
eg. He went on a drinking binge over the weekend. 纵情饮酒
eg. The girls went on a shopping spree on Saturday. 疯狂购物
practice n. 习俗，惯例
On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat—the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.
竭尽全力的表达：
do / try one’s utmost to do
do / try one’s best to do
Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow.
go to great lengths to do
The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real.
endeavor / endeavour to do
We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastesoil and gas.
spare no effort to do不遗余力
China will spare no effort to realize peaceful reunification.
give one’s all to do
go all out to do
eg. It is a question of pride as much as anything else.
eg. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.
arise 产生，出现
raise vt 从低处扶到高处；提升，增加（工资、奖金相关）
lift 抬起，比raise强一点
arisen
arise from …
The conflict arose from tensions between different ethnic groups.
unit n. group; organization
arouse interest / hostility / resentment
arose 唤起，引起（反应、态度）；激起（感情，直觉，性欲）+instincts
germ / jungle / nuclear / chemical / guerrilla / psychological warfare
use the right word：各种观众spectator，audience，viewer，onlooker
spectator 从上向下，一般看体育比赛的观众的如此看法
audience 从下向上，集体性n. 单复数都可以用，都指集体
viewer 收视的观众，电视机的观众，有时偶用audience
onlooker / looker-on 看热闹的人，不花钱
eg. He worked himself into a rage. （或a fury）
eg. He worked his audience into enthusiasm. 充满激情
1.无论如何
= in any case / event
= come what may
2.至少
= at least
not … but … 不是……而是……
not that … but that …不是因为……，而是因为……
eg. Not that I love Caesar less, but that I love Rome more.
— Shakespeare ‘Julius Caesar’
eg. Not that I love you less, but that I love liberty more.
eg. Not that I love my teacher less, but that I love truth more.
It is not that … but (that) …
不是因为……，而是因为……
eg. It was not that I actually remembered anything at all. But my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone, after leaving the nearest town …
参见Lesson 5
