Week 5

这里是ScalersTalk旗下新概念训练营新三朗读小组的日志。以下是Day21-Day25的总结。

DAY21

L6-1: Smash-and-grab

The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just opening. At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty. Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display. Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o'clock and had only just finished. Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet.

知识点：

单词：

smash/smæʃ/

vt./vi.打碎（含noisely,violently,into pieces之意）
猛撞+（sth.）+prep/adv（含force,against solid之意）
- waves smashing against the rocks
- smash his fist on the desk
vt.捣毁，打败，粉碎
- smash the world record大破世界纪录（broken it by a large amount）
n.有very popular show；car crash（informal）
- a smash=a smash hit
- eg.It is the public who decide if a film is a smash or a flop.影片成败与否取决于公众。
  - flop也做动词，很重地突然落下
  - eg.she flopped，exhausted，on to a sofa

辨析crash, slam, smash, collide, wreck
crash尤指交通工具发生碰撞，可以单独用，不接介词，也可以接介词，用于其他东西：
We're going to crash， aren't we?
slam和smash表示交通工具撞总是与介词连用
slam/slæm/ （sth）into/against sb/sth重重地撞上,砰地关门/窗
collide/kəˈlaɪd/（formal）交通工具/人相撞
wreck/rek/交通工具撞到彻底毁了

smash-and-grab/smæʃ//græb/砸窗抢劫（固定搭配词语）

Piccadilly/ˌpɪkə'dɪlɪ/皮卡迪利大街，注意发音kə不是k

arcade/a:ˈkeɪd/有拱廊的街道（两旁常有商店）

背景介绍：
- Piccadilly皮卡迪利，伦敦市中心著名街道，海德公园（Hyde Park）附近
- Piccadilly Arcade
- 过去: ![](/assets/Piccadilly_from_Hyde_Park_Corner_Turnpike,_from_Ackermann's_Repository,_1810.jpg)

Taylor/ˈteɪlə/泰勒，注意发音是ei不是e

jewellery/ˈʤuːəlri/英(jewelry美)，不可数名词

n.珠宝（总称） costume/ˈkɒstju:m/ jewellery( uncountable)演戏，道具，仿真珠宝

admire/ədˈmaɪə(r)/vt.欣赏，羡慕，敬仰；（美口语）想做

后面不可以接that从句，而要用admire sb for（doing）sth
（美，口语）admire to do sth想做某事

necklace/ˈnekləs/ n.项链，项圈v圈住脖子勒死sb

velvet/ˈvelvɪt/不可数n.天鹅绒，丝绒

an iron fist/hand（ in a velvet glove）（温和背后的）铁拳

empty空的

辨析：empty，vacant，hollow，blank空
empty普通用词，指某物中没有任何东西，也可指谈话等空洞没有内容，没有意义。
eg.~ talk/~ promise
vacant/ˈveɪkənt/指“未被占用的”尤指土地、房屋、座位、职位等空着，未被占用的，相似于unoccupied,
eg.~ land/~positions/~ apartment
hollow/ˈhɒləʊ/指“空心”（hole是洞）指物体内部或中心是空的或有洞的或指“凹陷”的，也可引申出“空洞的”、“空虚的”等意思
eg.The divorce lfet him with a hollow feeling inside.离婚使他内心感到空虚
blank “空白的”，指没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白表面或指留待填写的空白处，可引申出“茫然”的意思
eg.my mind was completely blank/There was a blank look on his face

词组：

window display橱窗陈列品
on a background of black velvet在黑色丝绒上面

句式：

be just opening刚刚开始营业
have only just finished刚刚布置完毕，only修饰just，强调之意

精妙翻译：

早上的这个时候，拱廊街上几乎没什么人。
At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty.
- almost几乎，nearly用于肯定句，此句中可替换，否定句中只能用almost
钻石、项链和戒指漂亮地陈列在黑丝绒上。
- Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet.

DAY22

L6-2: Smash-and-grab

After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. It came to a stop outside the jeweller's. One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.

知识点：

单词：

gaze/ɡeɪz/v.凝视

+prep/adv，at/up/around stand high and gaze far站得高看得远

辨析：gaze，stare，peer，glare盯着看，凝视，注视
gaze（formal）尤指吃惊、爱恋、深思地凝视，所以本文中是gaze
stare吃惊、害怕、茫然、深思地注视
peer尤指看不清楚时仔细看、端详、费力看
glare怒目地看很久
都接at介词
与副词连用时
to stare/gaze/peer/glare suspiciously猜疑地
to stare/gaze/peer anxiously/intently不安地/专心地
to stare/gaze/glare wildly/fiercely疯狂/野蛮地
引申：
glance/gla:ns/模糊粗略浏览一遍；+at/down/over/through与各种介词连用时，体会接不同介词时的涵义
glimpse/glimps/瞟一眼瞥见，比glance看得更粗，本set中唯一一个vt动词，直接加宾语

headlight/ˈhedlaɪt/n.前灯

horn /hɔ:n/ n.喇叭；号角

blare 英/bleə/美/bler/ v.发出响亮刺耳的声音；n.响亮刺耳的声音；嘟嘟声

roar/rɔ:/v.吼叫，咆哮

jeweller/'dʒu:ələ(r)/宝石钟表商（匠）注意u:ə的发音

outside the jeweller's，用the jeweller's代表珠宝钟表店，常见用法

iron英/ˈaɪən/美/ˈaɪərn/n.铁，注意美式发音r的位置，不是rən

词组：

gaze at sb/sth凝视
break the silence打破宁静
- 习语：break the ice打破僵局，破冰（活动开始时）
- break a tie（非习语）打破平局（tie在这里可v.&n.指各种竞争或体育赛事中的平局）
with its headlights on and its horn blaring亮着前灯，响着喇叭
stay at the wheel留在驾驶室
- be at the wheel of the car在开车

句式：

After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.

课后题5：
替换为：He gaze at the display for several minutes before re-entering his shop.
- 不能替换成had been gazing at
- after时间状语从句与before句型可以互换，一般都是主、从句均使用简单过去时，描述动作的前后关系，原句中after gazing相当于省略了主语，是gaze的动名词形式构成动名词小句，因此，应该选用一般过去时。

长难句、语法：

The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. 宁静突然被打破，一辆大轿车亮着前灯，响着喇叭，呼啸着冲进了拱廊街。

句中，with its headlights on and its horn blaring，是with引导的独立主格结构，在句中表示伴随状态，its headlights，its horn是on和blaring的逻辑主语，车子亮着前灯，响着喇叭。
段落中还有一个相似结构的句子： two others with black stockings over their faces

with引导的独立主格结构总结：
一、句法结构
【结构一】 with ＋名词（代词）＋介词短语
例1 He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
【结构二】 with ＋名词（代词）＋形容词
例2 He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
【结构三】with ＋名词（代词）＋副词
例3 With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。
【结构四】 with ＋名词（代词）＋名词
例4 She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
【结构五】with ＋名词（代词）＋现在分词
例5 She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。
【结构六】with ＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
例6“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。
【结构七】with ＋名词（代词）＋不定式
例7 With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．还有十分钟，你最好快一点。
二、句法功能
【作状语】 with独立主格结构主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。
例8 With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.有玛丽的帮助，他一定能成功。
【作定语】主要是用作后置定语。
例9 The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。
三、句法关系
【主表关系】主表关系这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的形容词、副词以及介词短语构成。
例10 Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.
妈妈眼含泪水看着我。
【主谓关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的现在分词构成。
例11 With night coming on, we started for home.夜幕降临，我们动身回家。
例12 The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。
【动宾关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的，前者表示“被动、完成”，后者表示“未做、待做”。
例13 With so much work to do, we had to sit up through the night.有这么多工作要做，我们不得不彻夜不眠。
四、句法省略
【省略特征】 with独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在“with + n + 介词短语”结构中的省略，其特点是省去with及介词短语中的名词修饰词，也就是：“n + 介词 + n”。
例14 She ran to the hero, flowers in hand.
她手里拿着鲜花跑向这位英雄。

精妙翻译：

The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring,roared down the arcade.宁静突然被打破，一辆大轿车亮着前灯，响着喇叭，呼啸着冲进了拱廊街。

亮点一：宁静被打破：the silence was broken.
亮点二：车的状态，用with结构表示伴随状态；
亮点三：车的动词，用的roar，生动地写出了车子横冲直撞冲向珠宝店的气势。

One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.一人留在驾驶座上，另外两个用黑色长筒丝袜蒙面的人跳下车来。他们用铁棒把商店橱窗玻璃砸碎。

stay at the wheel 留在驾驶座上（字面待在轮子上，含义是留在驾驶座上，很神奇）

DAY23

L6-3: Smash-and-grab

While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs. He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window. Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade. One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.

知识点：

staff英/stɑ:f/美/stæf/

1.全体职工（雇员）2.（大、中、小学）管理人员，行政人员 3.（军队）全体参谋人员 4.美式：五线谱（英式stave）

BrE中，义1单复数均可，前面的修饰词可单可复，但谓语动词均用复数：a staff of ten，ten staff
NAmE中，义1&2只能用作单数，∴冠词a，但谓语动词复数：a staff of ten，~~ten staff~~
pl-n.形态staffs较少用，但在BrE和NAmE中均指两批或以上的职员：
- the senator and his staff (singular)参议员及他的工作人员（单数）
- senators and their staffs (plural)参议员及他们各自的工作人员（复数）
其他：well-staffed 人力资源强大的; under-staffed 人手不够的; over-staffed 人浮于事的

词组：

throw out of “抛出，扔出”
课后题12：替换词hurl/hɜ:l/=throw violently and with a lot of force
“go+doing”的形式表示 “某人或某物以某种方式移动”，此句中的go flying可以理解为“飞落”。
help oneself/sb. to sth，后面跟to sth的2种情况：
- 随便吃（招待客人）eg. Can I help you to some salad？
- 随意拿取，偷窃 eg. He is being helping himself to the money in the drawer.
too...to... “太……以致于不能……”

句式：

While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.

While引导时间状语从句，交代同时发生的两个不同的动作：泰勒先生在楼上时发生了抢劫。
课后题11：while this was going on=Meanwhile，而as it happened是碰巧，偶然发生
be going on为描述性的动词短语，既可以表示“发生某事的时候”，亦可代替上文中发生过的动作，避免重复。

长难句、语法：

He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window. 比较begin to do与begin doing：

begin后跟to do或doing，含义上没有多少差异。如果谈论一个长期的习惯动作开始养成时，更加常用begin doing。
- eg.How old were you when you first began playing the piano?
当begin后面跟的是understand，realize，see，know，think等表示心理活动的动词时，用begin to do。
- eg.She began to think she was wrong after a second thought. 经过重新考虑后，她开始认为她错了。
当begin用于ing进行时态时，为避免重复其后跟to do。
- Mary is beginning to do her homework.
当主语是指人，而是it等物或用于描述天气变化时，其后跟to do。
- eg.The water began to boil. 水开始开了。
- eg.It began to get dark before we knew it. 不知不觉地天黑下来了。

精妙翻译：

One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.

一个窃贼被一尊很重的雕像击中，但由于他忙着抢钻石首饰，竟连疼痛都顾不上了。

too...to notice any pain “没注意到任何疼痛”文中翻译成“竟连疼痛都顾不上了”
造句：Though his arm was broken in the accident,he was too focus on rescuing the injured people to notice any pain.

DAY24

L6-4: Smash-and-grab

The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed. Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves. They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.

知识点：

单词：

raid 英/reɪd/n.+on sth/vt. ~sth

（骑兵队、军舰、飞机）急袭，突然袭击，突击；
（盗贼，狐等的）抢劫，打劫;
（警察）突然搜查，突击检查;

scramble/ˈskræmbl/

+adv/prep（迅速而吃力，一般用手帮忙）行走，攀爬，匍匐前进
~for sth/~to do sth争抢，抢夺……
~sth/~sth +adv./prep.艰难（或仓促）完成
scrambled eggs炒蛋
~sth扰乱信号，思维

fantastic/fænˈtæstɪk/注意æn和æ的发音区别

极好的，了不起的
大得难以置信的，很大的a fantastic amount of money
不切实际的，无法实现的a fantastic scheme/project
古怪的，莫名其妙的weird

那些"好"：great，cool，fantastic，fabulous，terrific，brilliant，awesome，epic
great (informal) very good; giving a lot of pleasure
cool (informal) used to show that you admire or approve of something, often because it is fashionable, attractive or different:I think their new song’s really cool.
fantastic (informal) extremely good; giving a lot of pleasure:‘How was your holiday?’ ‘Fantastic!’
fabulous (informal) extremely good:Jane’s a fabulous cook. (Fabulous is slightly more old-fashioned than the other words in this set.)
terrific (informal) extremely good; wonderful:She’s doing a terrific job.
brilliant (BrE, informal), extremely good; wonderful:‘How was the show?’ ‘Brilliant!’
awesome (informal, especially NAmE) very good, impressive, or enjoyable:The show was just awesome.
epic (informal) very good, impressive or enjoyable:The adventure and action are truly epic in scope.

ashtray/ˈæʃtreɪ/n.烟灰缸，复数直接加s

vase/va:z/n.花瓶

词组：

all over 处处；浑身；十足、完全；全部结束
- 表前三种意义时，为副词性短语，作状语。
- 如本文中表示最后一种意义时，与系动词be连用，构成系补结构。
  eg.When they got there,the meeting was all over.他们到达那里时，会议已全部结束。
  all-over遍布表面的
  overall总体上adj&adv；overalls工装裤
scrambled back into the car争先恐后地爬上车
move off离开sp
- move out搬走move in搬进

句式：

They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.他们已经带着价值数千镑的首饰逃之夭夭了。

Worth 值一定金额数量，相当于特定单位数量，通常用“worth of +某物”。
eg.an hour's worth of work 一小时的工作。
two yuan's worth of oranges 价值两元的桔子。
$10 million worth of paintings价值1000万美元的绘画。（数量词不用所属格形式）

长难句、语法：

Just as it was leaving, Mr.Taylor rused out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases，现在分词短语为伴随状语，说明与动词ran同时进行的动作。 as从句里使用进行时表示将来，表示根据主观计划或安排将要发生的动作，用法比较生动。

精妙翻译：

They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.他们已经带着价值数千镑的首饰逃之夭夭了（got away 译为逃之夭夭，真是文雅而生动）

DAY25

L7-1：Mutilated ladies

Has it ever happened to you？Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket？ When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white？People who live in Britain needn't despair when they made mistakes like this（and a lot of people do）！

知识点：

单词：

mutilate /'mjuːtɪleɪt/vt.使残废，毁伤，切断（手足等）；破坏，使残缺不全

mutilate vt.狭义上指人缺胳膊少腿，广义则为某物因其重要部分缺失而外形受损
- sb. is mutilated in the war
- mutilated note/damaged note残钞
maim/meɪm/v.使残废，使受重伤
disable使无能为力，使残废
- the disabled残疾人; have a disability残疾
cripple/ˈkrɪpl/v.使跛脚，使残废（更多是脚残疾了）
lame/leɪm/adj.跛的
handicapped/'hændɪkæpt/adj.残疾的，智力低下的
deformed man/deformity强调畸形的残疾

词组：

mutilated ladies
- lady指英国纸币上印的女王头像，这个词组是使用借代（Metonymy）修辞手法指代英国银行专门负责识别和鉴定残缺或被毁纸币的小组
whiter than white比纸还白
- 英国有关洗衣粉的电视广告中常用的一句话，指：纸币上的字迹、图案均被洗掉了，可以译成“比白纸还白”
a large bank note大面值的纸币
make mistakes like this犯这种错误时

句式：

Has it ever happened to you?这种事情在你身上出现过吗？ Have you ever…？这是一个典型的“现在完成时态+强调词ever”的提问句式，表达“某人有没有做过什么事情”时，常用句式为:Have/Has + sb. + ever +v.ed + sth/sb… 写作或日常口语中一定要尝试去用。

精妙翻译：

当你把裤子抢救出来时，你有没有发现那张纸币已经变得比白纸还白？
- When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white？
People who live in Britain needn't despair when they made mistakes like this（and a lot of people do）！
- 当英国人犯这种错误时，他们不必感到绝望（而许多国家的人都有这种绝望的感觉）
- 这里的翻译是补充为许多国家的人，而不是许多人，另外，补上了do代替的那部分动词，让这句话变得完整。

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Week 5

这里是ScalersTalk旗下新概念训练营新三朗读小组的日志。以下是Day21-Day25的总结。

DAY21

L6-1: Smash-and-grab

知识点：

单词：

smash/smæʃ/

vt./vi.打碎（含noisely,violently,into pieces之意）
猛撞+（sth.）+prep/adv（含force,against solid之意）
- waves smashing against the rocks
- smash his fist on the desk
vt.捣毁，打败，粉碎
- smash the world record大破世界纪录（broken it by a large amount）
n.有very popular show；car crash（informal）
- a smash=a smash hit
- eg.It is the public who decide if a film is a smash or a flop.影片成败与否取决于公众。
  - flop也做动词，很重地突然落下
  - eg.she flopped，exhausted，on to a sofa

辨析crash, slam, smash, collide, wreck
crash尤指交通工具发生碰撞，可以单独用，不接介词，也可以接介词，用于其他东西：
We're going to crash， aren't we?
slam和smash表示交通工具撞总是与介词连用
slam/slæm/ （sth）into/against sb/sth重重地撞上,砰地关门/窗
collide/kəˈlaɪd/（formal）交通工具/人相撞
wreck/rek/交通工具撞到彻底毁了

smash-and-grab/smæʃ//græb/砸窗抢劫（固定搭配词语）

Piccadilly/ˌpɪkə'dɪlɪ/皮卡迪利大街，注意发音kə不是k

arcade/a:ˈkeɪd/有拱廊的街道（两旁常有商店）

背景介绍：
- Piccadilly皮卡迪利，伦敦市中心著名街道，海德公园（Hyde Park）附近
- Piccadilly Arcade
- 过去: ![](/assets/Piccadilly_from_Hyde_Park_Corner_Turnpike,_from_Ackermann's_Repository,_1810.jpg)
- 现在:

Taylor/ˈteɪlə/泰勒，注意发音是ei不是e

jewellery/ˈʤuːəlri/英(jewelry美)，不可数名词

n.珠宝（总称） costume/ˈkɒstju:m/ jewellery( uncountable)演戏，道具，仿真珠宝

admire/ədˈmaɪə(r)/vt.欣赏，羡慕，敬仰；（美口语）想做

后面不可以接that从句，而要用admire sb for（doing）sth
（美，口语）admire to do sth想做某事

necklace/ˈnekləs/ n.项链，项圈v圈住脖子勒死sb

velvet/ˈvelvɪt/不可数n.天鹅绒，丝绒

an iron fist/hand（ in a velvet glove）（温和背后的）铁拳

empty空的

辨析：empty，vacant，hollow，blank空
empty普通用词，指某物中没有任何东西，也可指谈话等空洞没有内容，没有意义。
eg.~ talk/~ promise
vacant/ˈveɪkənt/指“未被占用的”尤指土地、房屋、座位、职位等空着，未被占用的，相似于unoccupied,
eg.~ land/~positions/~ apartment
hollow/ˈhɒləʊ/指“空心”（hole是洞）指物体内部或中心是空的或有洞的或指“凹陷”的，也可引申出“空洞的”、“空虚的”等意思
eg.The divorce lfet him with a hollow feeling inside.离婚使他内心感到空虚
blank “空白的”，指没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白表面或指留待填写的空白处，可引申出“茫然”的意思
eg.my mind was completely blank/There was a blank look on his face

词组：

window display橱窗陈列品
on a background of black velvet在黑色丝绒上面

句式：

be just opening刚刚开始营业
have only just finished刚刚布置完毕，only修饰just，强调之意

精妙翻译：

早上的这个时候，拱廊街上几乎没什么人。
At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty.
- almost几乎，nearly用于肯定句，此句中可替换，否定句中只能用almost
钻石、项链和戒指漂亮地陈列在黑丝绒上。
- Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet.

DAY22

L6-2: Smash-and-grab

知识点：

单词：

gaze/ɡeɪz/v.凝视

+prep/adv，at/up/around stand high and gaze far站得高看得远

辨析：gaze，stare，peer，glare盯着看，凝视，注视
gaze（formal）尤指吃惊、爱恋、深思地凝视，所以本文中是gaze
stare吃惊、害怕、茫然、深思地注视
peer尤指看不清楚时仔细看、端详、费力看
glare怒目地看很久
都接at介词
与副词连用时
to stare/gaze/peer/glare suspiciously猜疑地
to stare/gaze/peer anxiously/intently不安地/专心地
to stare/gaze/glare wildly/fiercely疯狂/野蛮地
引申：
glance/gla:ns/模糊粗略浏览一遍；+at/down/over/through与各种介词连用时，体会接不同介词时的涵义
glimpse/glimps/瞟一眼瞥见，比glance看得更粗，本set中唯一一个vt动词，直接加宾语

headlight/ˈhedlaɪt/n.前灯

horn /hɔ:n/ n.喇叭；号角

blare 英/bleə/美/bler/ v.发出响亮刺耳的声音；n.响亮刺耳的声音；嘟嘟声

roar/rɔ:/v.吼叫，咆哮

jeweller/'dʒu:ələ(r)/宝石钟表商（匠）注意u:ə的发音

outside the jeweller's，用the jeweller's代表珠宝钟表店，常见用法

iron英/ˈaɪən/美/ˈaɪərn/n.铁，注意美式发音r的位置，不是rən

词组：

gaze at sb/sth凝视
break the silence打破宁静
- 习语：break the ice打破僵局，破冰（活动开始时）
- break a tie（非习语）打破平局（tie在这里可v.&n.指各种竞争或体育赛事中的平局）
with its headlights on and its horn blaring亮着前灯，响着喇叭
stay at the wheel留在驾驶室
- be at the wheel of the car在开车

句式：

After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.

课后题5：
替换为：He gaze at the display for several minutes before re-entering his shop.
- 不能替换成had been gazing at
- after时间状语从句与before句型可以互换，一般都是主、从句均使用简单过去时，描述动作的前后关系，原句中after gazing相当于省略了主语，是gaze的动名词形式构成动名词小句，因此，应该选用一般过去时。

长难句、语法：

句中，with its headlights on and its horn blaring，是with引导的独立主格结构，在句中表示伴随状态，its headlights，its horn是on和blaring的逻辑主语，车子亮着前灯，响着喇叭。
段落中还有一个相似结构的句子： two others with black stockings over their faces

with引导的独立主格结构总结：
一、句法结构
【结构一】 with ＋名词（代词）＋介词短语
例1 He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
【结构二】 with ＋名词（代词）＋形容词
例2 He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
【结构三】with ＋名词（代词）＋副词
例3 With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。
【结构四】 with ＋名词（代词）＋名词
例4 She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
【结构五】with ＋名词（代词）＋现在分词
例5 She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。
【结构六】with ＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
例6“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。
【结构七】with ＋名词（代词）＋不定式
例7 With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．还有十分钟，你最好快一点。
二、句法功能
【作状语】 with独立主格结构主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。
例8 With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.有玛丽的帮助，他一定能成功。
【作定语】主要是用作后置定语。
例9 The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。
三、句法关系
【主表关系】主表关系这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的形容词、副词以及介词短语构成。
例10 Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.
妈妈眼含泪水看着我。
【主谓关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的现在分词构成。
例11 With night coming on, we started for home.夜幕降临，我们动身回家。
例12 The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。
【动宾关系】这种关系主要是由with独立主格结构中的名词和其后的过去分词及动词不定式构成的，前者表示“被动、完成”，后者表示“未做、待做”。
例13 With so much work to do, we had to sit up through the night.有这么多工作要做，我们不得不彻夜不眠。
四、句法省略
【省略特征】 with独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在“with + n + 介词短语”结构中的省略，其特点是省去with及介词短语中的名词修饰词，也就是：“n + 介词 + n”。
例14 She ran to the hero, flowers in hand.
她手里拿着鲜花跑向这位英雄。

精妙翻译：

The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring,roared down the arcade.宁静突然被打破，一辆大轿车亮着前灯，响着喇叭，呼啸着冲进了拱廊街。

亮点一：宁静被打破：the silence was broken.
亮点二：车的状态，用with结构表示伴随状态；
亮点三：车的动词，用的roar，生动地写出了车子横冲直撞冲向珠宝店的气势。

stay at the wheel 留在驾驶座上（字面待在轮子上，含义是留在驾驶座上，很神奇）

DAY23

L6-3: Smash-and-grab

知识点：

staff英/stɑ:f/美/stæf/

1.全体职工（雇员）2.（大、中、小学）管理人员，行政人员 3.（军队）全体参谋人员 4.美式：五线谱（英式stave）

BrE中，义1单复数均可，前面的修饰词可单可复，但谓语动词均用复数：a staff of ten，ten staff
NAmE中，义1&2只能用作单数，∴冠词a，但谓语动词复数：a staff of ten，~~ten staff~~
pl-n.形态staffs较少用，但在BrE和NAmE中均指两批或以上的职员：
- the senator and his staff (singular)参议员及他的工作人员（单数）
- senators and their staffs (plural)参议员及他们各自的工作人员（复数）
其他：well-staffed 人力资源强大的; under-staffed 人手不够的; over-staffed 人浮于事的

词组：

throw out of “抛出，扔出”
课后题12：替换词hurl/hɜ:l/=throw violently and with a lot of force
“go+doing”的形式表示 “某人或某物以某种方式移动”，此句中的go flying可以理解为“飞落”。
help oneself/sb. to sth，后面跟to sth的2种情况：
- 随便吃（招待客人）eg. Can I help you to some salad？
- 随意拿取，偷窃 eg. He is being helping himself to the money in the drawer.
too...to... “太……以致于不能……”

句式：

While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.

While引导时间状语从句，交代同时发生的两个不同的动作：泰勒先生在楼上时发生了抢劫。
课后题11：while this was going on=Meanwhile，而as it happened是碰巧，偶然发生
be going on为描述性的动词短语，既可以表示“发生某事的时候”，亦可代替上文中发生过的动作，避免重复。

长难句、语法：

He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window. 比较begin to do与begin doing：

begin后跟to do或doing，含义上没有多少差异。如果谈论一个长期的习惯动作开始养成时，更加常用begin doing。
- eg.How old were you when you first began playing the piano?
当begin后面跟的是understand，realize，see，know，think等表示心理活动的动词时，用begin to do。
- eg.She began to think she was wrong after a second thought. 经过重新考虑后，她开始认为她错了。
当begin用于ing进行时态时，为避免重复其后跟to do。
- Mary is beginning to do her homework.
当主语是指人，而是it等物或用于描述天气变化时，其后跟to do。
- eg.The water began to boil. 水开始开了。
- eg.It began to get dark before we knew it. 不知不觉地天黑下来了。

精妙翻译：

One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.

一个窃贼被一尊很重的雕像击中，但由于他忙着抢钻石首饰，竟连疼痛都顾不上了。

too...to notice any pain “没注意到任何疼痛”文中翻译成“竟连疼痛都顾不上了”
造句：Though his arm was broken in the accident,he was too focus on rescuing the injured people to notice any pain.

DAY24

L6-4: Smash-and-grab

知识点：

单词：

raid 英/reɪd/n.+on sth/vt. ~sth

（骑兵队、军舰、飞机）急袭，突然袭击，突击；
（盗贼，狐等的）抢劫，打劫;
（警察）突然搜查，突击检查;

scramble/ˈskræmbl/

+adv/prep（迅速而吃力，一般用手帮忙）行走，攀爬，匍匐前进
~for sth/~to do sth争抢，抢夺……
~sth/~sth +adv./prep.艰难（或仓促）完成
scrambled eggs炒蛋
~sth扰乱信号，思维

fantastic/fænˈtæstɪk/注意æn和æ的发音区别

极好的，了不起的
大得难以置信的，很大的a fantastic amount of money
不切实际的，无法实现的a fantastic scheme/project
古怪的，莫名其妙的weird

那些"好"：great，cool，fantastic，fabulous，terrific，brilliant，awesome，epic
great (informal) very good; giving a lot of pleasure
cool (informal) used to show that you admire or approve of something, often because it is fashionable, attractive or different:I think their new song’s really cool.
fantastic (informal) extremely good; giving a lot of pleasure:‘How was your holiday?’ ‘Fantastic!’
fabulous (informal) extremely good:Jane’s a fabulous cook. (Fabulous is slightly more old-fashioned than the other words in this set.)
terrific (informal) extremely good; wonderful:She’s doing a terrific job.
brilliant (BrE, informal), extremely good; wonderful:‘How was the show?’ ‘Brilliant!’
awesome (informal, especially NAmE) very good, impressive, or enjoyable:The show was just awesome.
epic (informal) very good, impressive or enjoyable:The adventure and action are truly epic in scope.

ashtray/ˈæʃtreɪ/n.烟灰缸，复数直接加s

vase/va:z/n.花瓶

词组：

all over 处处；浑身；十足、完全；全部结束
- 表前三种意义时，为副词性短语，作状语。
- 如本文中表示最后一种意义时，与系动词be连用，构成系补结构。
  eg.When they got there,the meeting was all over.他们到达那里时，会议已全部结束。
  all-over遍布表面的
  overall总体上adj&adv；overalls工装裤
scrambled back into the car争先恐后地爬上车
move off离开sp
- move out搬走move in搬进

句式：

They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.他们已经带着价值数千镑的首饰逃之夭夭了。

Worth 值一定金额数量，相当于特定单位数量，通常用“worth of +某物”。
eg.an hour's worth of work 一小时的工作。
two yuan's worth of oranges 价值两元的桔子。
$10 million worth of paintings价值1000万美元的绘画。（数量词不用所属格形式）

长难句、语法：

精妙翻译：

They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.他们已经带着价值数千镑的首饰逃之夭夭了（got away 译为逃之夭夭，真是文雅而生动）

DAY25

L7-1：Mutilated ladies

知识点：

单词：

mutilate /'mjuːtɪleɪt/vt.使残废，毁伤，切断（手足等）；破坏，使残缺不全

mutilate vt.狭义上指人缺胳膊少腿，广义则为某物因其重要部分缺失而外形受损
- sb. is mutilated in the war
- mutilated note/damaged note残钞
maim/meɪm/v.使残废，使受重伤
disable使无能为力，使残废
- the disabled残疾人; have a disability残疾
cripple/ˈkrɪpl/v.使跛脚，使残废（更多是脚残疾了）
lame/leɪm/adj.跛的
handicapped/'hændɪkæpt/adj.残疾的，智力低下的
deformed man/deformity强调畸形的残疾

词组：

mutilated ladies
- lady指英国纸币上印的女王头像，这个词组是使用借代（Metonymy）修辞手法指代英国银行专门负责识别和鉴定残缺或被毁纸币的小组
whiter than white比纸还白
- 英国有关洗衣粉的电视广告中常用的一句话，指：纸币上的字迹、图案均被洗掉了，可以译成“比白纸还白”
a large bank note大面值的纸币
make mistakes like this犯这种错误时

句式：

精妙翻译：

当你把裤子抢救出来时，你有没有发现那张纸币已经变得比白纸还白？
- When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white？
People who live in Britain needn't despair when they made mistakes like this（and a lot of people do）！
- 当英国人犯这种错误时，他们不必感到绝望（而许多国家的人都有这种绝望的感觉）
- 这里的翻译是补充为许多国家的人，而不是许多人，另外，补上了do代替的那部分动词，让这句话变得完整。

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