Week 64
Last updated
Was this helpful?
Last updated
Was this helpful?
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas-- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.
But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.
Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.
ROBIN PLACE Finding fossil man
This attractive little book is written for the advanced high school student (with some knowledge of biology) interested in learning of the ascent of man and of his fossil ancestors. The thesis of evolution is carefully developed from the beginning clues through the contributions of amphibians/æm'fibiənz/两栖动物, ancient reptiles/'reptailz/爬行动物 and mammals, to early primates and fossil man. The reconstruction of "near-men," and the first men is well done; the revelation of the extinction of the Neandertal Man line and subsequent but parallel flowering of Homo sapiens is quite up-to-date.
=ancient man；prehistoric man
finding fossil man：find的f和fossil的f构成头韵修辞
eg. you are a fossil 你是个老古董，顽固不化的人
speak of/talk of/hear of/learn
近东地区：对英国来说的近东地区
中国在远东地区the far east
中东是阿拉伯the middle east
But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.
use the right word：preserve，conserve，reserve
preserve
强调 in good condition
eg. preserve historical records
eg. preserve food / one’s eyesight
conserve
强调quantity不下降
eg. conserve natural resources
eg. conserve wildlife
reserve
强调for the future use
eg. reserve one’s energy
eg. all the rights reserved
eg. I reserve the right to disagree.
eg. reserve a table for 2 预定一个2人桌
to tell a story
recount/relate/report sth to sb
pass sth. from older people to younger ones
migrate
/ maiˈgreit;NAmEˈmaigreit /
1.move from one place to go to live or work in another 迁居; 移居; 迁徙
2.(of animals, etc) go from one place to another with the seasons, esp to spend the winter in a warmer place （指动物等）迁徙（尤指到暖处过冬）
use the right word：migrate，immigrate，emigrate
migrate 与进出无关 =move
immigrate to A 从国外移居到国内A =come in/come/destination
emigrate from A 从国内A移居去国外 =exit/go/departure
anthrop=man
anthropid类人的
(o)logy=to study
祖宗，祖先；（动物）原种；（机器）原型=forerunner
SYN
forfather/forbear（bear是出生）
OPP后代：
descendant后代，复数名词
eg. direct descendant直系后代
offspring
Puppies are the offspring, or children, of a mamma dog. You're the offspring of your biological parents.
This is basically another word for children. Baby horses, gorillas, lizards, and humans are all offspring.
eg. A woman who gives birth to quadruplets suddenly has a lot of offspring.
But this word isn't limited to biological creations — you could say that a project you've been laboring over is your offspring.
eg. Albert Einstein's offspring included many groundbreaking theories, and the scientists who followed up on Einstein's ideas are considered his intellectual offspring.
use the right word：relative，relation，descendant，ancestor，forfathers，extended family，folks，next of kin 各种亲戚
relative
a member of your family, especially one who does not live with you
eg. Most of her relatives were able to come to the wedding.
eg. We have some distant relatives in Australia.
relation
a member of your family. Relation means the same as relative. It is often used when talking about whether someone is in the same family as another person
eg. Big cities can be lonely places if you have no friends or relations there.
eg. ‘What relation is she to you?’ ‘She’s my half sister.’
eg. He’s no relation to the singer.
descendant
someone who is a family member of a person who lived and died a long time ago, for example the great-grandchild of that person
eg. The people are the descendants of slaves who were brought over from Africa
ancestor
a member of your family who lived a long time ago, especially hundreds of years ago
eg. My ancestors originally came from Ireland.
forefathersespecially written
people in your family who lived a long time ago - often used in historical descriptions
eg. His forefathers came to America over a century ago.
extended family
a family group that consists not only of parents and children, but also includes grandparents, aunts etc
eg. Extended families rarely live together in Britain, but they are still important.
folksespecially American English ,informal
your family, especially your parents
eg. Are you going to see your folks at Christmas?
next of kin
the person or people who are most closely related to you, for example your husband or mother, and who need to be told if something serious happens to you
eg. The next of kin must be notified of his death before his name is released to the press.
→adj. archaic/ɑːˈkeiik ;NAmEɑːrˈk- /
very old-fashioned
where，引导非限制性定语从句，在这里内涵逻辑关系是“因为”。定语从句在英文中最喜欢挂羊头卖狗肉，常常不做定语而作状语，比如此句中是原因状语。有时还会做让步状语。
虚拟语气
may / might have done 语气不肯定may / 十分不肯定might
must have done 对过去的肯定推测，语气强烈
can not / could not have done 对过去的否定推测，不可能。cannot可以连写，一定注意要跟否定联系在一起
should / ought to have done 责备语气，该做却没做
should not / ought not to have done 责备语气，不该做的做了
eg. His descendants, if any, never left the island.
eg. He is seldom, if ever, absent from work. 表达“即使有，也很少”。if ever总是跟seldom搭配。
when常常可以做让步，表达“尽管，既然”，但是做让步的时候往往放在主句之后。
eg. He walks when he might take a taxi.
eg. Why do you walk when you have a car?
