Week 36
DAY 176
Lesson 40-1: Who's who
It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke： the hoax. Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in, Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.
知识点：
单词：
specialize 英 /ˈspeʃəlaɪz / 美 /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz /
VERB ~ （in sth) 专门从事；专门经营；专门研究；专攻 to become an expert in a particular area of work, study or business; to spend maore time on one area of work, etc. Than on others.
eg. He specialized in criminal law. 他专攻邢法。
hoax 英 /həʊks / 美 /hoʊks /
N-COUNT 恶作剧；骗局 an act intended to make sb believe sth that is not true, especially sth unpleasnat.
eg. A series of bomb hoaxes has disrupted Christmas shopping in the city centre… 一系列炸弹假警报扰乱了市中心的圣诞节购物活动。
VERB 捉弄；欺骗 to trick sb by making them believe sth that is not true, especially sth unpleasnat.
brigade 英 /brɪˈgeɪd / 美 /brɪˈɡeɪd /
N-COUNT-COLL 旅 A brigade is one of the groups which an army is divided into. eg. … the men of the Seventh Armoured Brigade. 第七装甲旅的士兵们
N-SING （信奉某事或具有共同特点的）一帮人，族 You can use brigade to refer to a group of people who believe strongly in a particular thing or who share a particular characteristic. eg. … the healthy eating brigade. 健康饮食族
nonexistent 英 /ˌnɒnɪg'zɪstənt / 美 /ˌnɒnɪg'zɪstənt /
ADJ 不存在的 If you say that something is non-existent, you mean that it does not exist when you feel that it should.
eg. Hygiene was non-existent：no running water, no bathroom … 卫生根本谈不上：没有自来水、没有卫生间。
crude 英 /kru:d / 美 /krud /
ADJ-GRADED 冒犯的；粗鲁的；不精明的 If you describe someone as crude, you disapprove of them because they speak or behave in a rude, offensive, or unsophisticated way.
eg. Nev! Must you be quite so crude? 尼夫！你非得那么粗俗吗？
deception 英 /dɪˈsepʃn / 美 /dɪˈsɛpʃən /
N-VAR 欺骗；受骗 Deception is the act of deceiving someone or the state of being deceived by someone.
eg. He admitted conspiring to obtain property by deception … 他承认曾与人合谋骗取财产。
self-respecting 英 /self rɪ'spektɪŋ / 美 /self rɪ'spektɪŋ /
ADJ 有自尊心的 /only before noun / （especially in negative sentences 尤用于否定句）haveing pride in yourself because you believe that what you do is right and good.
eg. No self-respecting journalist would ever work for that newspaper. 凡有自尊心的记者都不会为那家报纸工作。
indulge 英 /ɪnˈdʌldʒ / 美 /ɪnˈdʌldʒ /
VERB （使自己）沉迷；放纵（自己） If you indulge in something or if you indulge yourself, you allow yourself to have or do something that you know you will enjoy. eg. Only rarely will she indulge in a glass of wine … 她只是偶尔才喝杯红酒，让自己享受一下。
VERB 纵容；迁就；娇惯 If you indulge someone, you let them have or do what they want, even if this is not good for them. eg. He did not agree with indulging children. 他反对纵容娇惯孩子。
victim 英 /ˈvɪktɪm / 美 /ˈvɪktɪm /
N-COUNT 受害者；遇害者；遇难者 A victim is someone who has been hurt or killed. eg. Not all the victims survived … 并非所有受害者都得以幸存。
N-COUNT （他人行为、信仰或恶劣环境的）牺牲品，受害者 A victim is someone who has suffered as a result of someone else's actions or beliefs, or as a result of unpleasant circumstances. eg. He was a victim of racial prejudice … 他是种族歧视的受害者。
PHRASE 成为……的牺牲品（或受害者) If you fall victim to something or someone, you suffer as a result of them, or you are killed by them.
eg. In the early 1960s, Blyton fell victim to Alzheimer's disease … 在19世纪60年代早期，布莱顿患上了老年痴呆症。
词组：
practical joke N-COUNT 恶作剧 a trick that is intended to give someone a surprise or shock, or to make them lok stupid.
eg. This is some kind of practical joke, it's not funny. 这是一种恶作剧，这并不好笑。
in particular
尤其；特别；格外 especially or particularly eg. He loves science fiction in particular. 他特别喜爱科幻小说。
特殊的；专门的；具体的 special or specific eg. Peter was lyin on the sofa doing nothing in particular. 彼得躺在沙发上，无所事事。 eg. Is ther anything in particular you'd like for dinner? 晚饭你有具体想吃的吗？
put out 扑灭；伸出；生产；出版
辨析 put out，put up，put up with，put off put out：扑灭；伸出；生产；出版 fire/cigarette etc, light, make available (to put things where people can find and use them)，make extra work, take outside, produce sth, … put up：张贴；举起；建造；提高；提供食宿；直接行动 build, for people to see, attach sth, incrase, raise, let sb stay, stay somewhere, make available(to make something or someone available for a particular purpose) put up with：将就；忍受，容忍；容受；忍得住 to accept an unpleasant situation or person without complaining. put off：延期；敷衍；使分心；脱去（衣、帽等） put sth of, to delay doing something or to arrange to do something at a later time or date, especially because there is a problem or you do not want to do it now; put sb off, to make you dislike something or not want to do something.
句式：
Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is … indulge in.
indulge in … 沉迷/沉溺于……，放任于……
eg. Fishing, swimming, and dancing can be indulged in there. 在那里可以尽情地钓鱼、游泳和跳舞。
长难句、语法：
It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else.
it 是形式主语，why 引导的从句在句中作主语。为了平衡，将 why 引导的主语从句移到句后。
这样的从句，也可用 that 引导，也可用连接代词或连接副词引导。
eg. Has it been found out who set the record? 搞清楚这项记录是谁创造的了吗？
eg. It hasn't been made clear when the new road is poen to traffic. 还没有明确宣布这条新路何时通车。
精妙翻译：
Students specialize in a particular type of practical joke: the hoax.
大学生擅长一种特殊的恶作剧——戏弄人。
冒号之后的内容起进一步解释说明的作用。
恶作剧、戏弄人，将相同意思的内容翻译成不同的词，更生动，也符合原文意思。
DAY 177
Lesson 40-2:Who's who
When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously.
知识点：
单词：
pneumatic 英 /nju:ˈmætɪk/ 美 /nu:ˈmætɪk/
1.ADJ 压缩空气推动（操作）的；风动的；气动的 A pneumatic drill is operated by air under pressure and is very powerful. Pneumatic drills are often used for digging up roads. eg. … the sound of a pneumatic drill hammering away. 风钻钻个不停的轰鸣声
2.ADJ 充气的 Pneumatic means filled with air. eg. … pneumatic tyres. 充气轮胎
drill 英 /drɪl/ 美 /drɪl/
N-COUNT 钻头；钻床；电钻 A drill is a tool or machine that you use for making holes. eg. … pneumatic drills. 风钻
VERB 钻（孔）;打（眼） When you drill into something or drill a hole in something, you make a hole in it using a drill. eg. He drilled into the wall of Lili's bedroom … 他在莉莉卧室的墙上钻了个孔。
VERB 钻探（石油或水源） When people drill for oil or water, they search for it by drilling deep holes in the ground or in the bottom of the sea. eg. There have been proposals to drill for more oil … 有人提议钻探更多的石油。
N-COUNT （学生的）反复练习 A drill is a way that teachers teach their students something by making them repeat it many times. eg. The teacher runs them through a drill — the days of the week, the weather and some counting. 老师带他们做了反复练习：一周中每一天的叫法、天气和数数。
VERB 教……做练习；反复训练 If you drill people, you teach them to do something by making them repeat it many times. eg. He drills the choir to a high standard. 他将合唱团训练到了一个高水平。
词组：
tear something ↔ up, phrasal verb 撕裂；拉掉；挣开；拉伤；眼泪，泪水；破洞；裂口
to tear a piece of paper or cloth into small pieces SYN rip up eg. She tore up his letter and threw it away.
to remove something from the ground by pulling or pushing it violently eg. the remains of trees that had been torn up by the storm.
tear up an agreement/contract etc to say that you no longer accept an agreement or contract eg. threats to tear up the peace agreement
tear it up informal a) to have fun in an extreme way b) to do something, for example play music or dance, very well on a particular occasion
dressed as 打扮成
eg. The children came dressed as animals.
hang up 挂上；挂住；使等候；将电话筒挂上
to finish a telephone conversation eg. I said goodbye and hung up.
hang something ↔ up to hang clothes on a hook etc eg. She took her coat off and hung it up.
hang up your hat/football boots/briefcase etc informal to stop doing a particular kind of work
go over to something 重温；翻；转为；留下印象；搁置起来
to change to a different place or person for the next part of a television or radio programme eg. We're going over to the White House for an important announcement.
to change to a different way of doing things eg. They went over to a computerized records system.
to change to a different political party or religion eg. the Labour MP who went over to the Conservatives last year.
order somebody to do something 命令某人做某事
eg. Tom was ordered to pay £300 as compensation.
eg. Her doctor had ordered her to rest for a week.
go away 离开；（症状）消失；私奔
to leave a place or person eg. Go away and leave me alone! eg. I went away wondering if I'd said the wrong thing.
to travel to a place and spend some time there, for example for a holiday
eg. Are you going away this year? eg. We're going away for the weekend. eg. He's going away to college next year. eg. I'm going away on a business trip next week.
if a problem, unpleasant feeling etc goes away, it disappears
eg. Ignoring the crime problem won't make it go away.
take somebody/something seriously 认真对待
to believe that someone or something is worth your attention or respect eg. As a teacher, it's important that the kids take you seriously. eg. It's only a joke – don't take it seriously!
句式：
when sb. saw sb. doing sth….
当某人看到某人正在做某事时……
Sb.telephoned sb. and informed sb. that …
某人打电话报告某人……
长难句、语法：
When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill.
when 引导时间状语从句。
saw two workmen using 为“感官动词 +v.ing ”结构，一般指在进行的动作，无论感知动词加不带 to 的不定式还是 -ing 形式，都能描写短暂的动作。
eg. I watched a pavement-artist draw a portrait in crayons. 我看到一位马路画家用有色粉笔画了一幅画。（意即很可能是从开始画到结束）
eg. I watched a pavement-artist drawing a portrait in crayons. 我看到一位马路画家在用粉笔画一幅画。（意即很可能是当我走到那儿时他正在画画）
eg. I heard someone unlock the door / unlocking the door. 我听到有人开门/在开门。
As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously.
as soon as 引导时间状语从句。
That 引导宾语从句，交代 told 的内容。 be to do sth 主要用来表示按计划或安排而将要做的事情或打算要做的事情。根据上下文的不同，be to 常有 should、can、may、must等含义。 take sb.seriously 的意思是“严肃地对待某人”。
精妙翻译：
When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill.
最近有个学生看见两个工人在学校门外用风钻干活，马上打电话报告警察，说有两个学生装扮成工人，正在用风钻破坏路面。
用风钻干活、打电话报告警察，词序用的很好。
DAY 178
Lesson 40-3: Who's who
He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information. The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away.
知识点：
单词：
archway /'ɑːtʃweɪ/
a passage or entrance under an arch or arches 拱门，拱道 eg. He was standing in the archway outside the club. 他站在俱乐部外的拱廊里。
silly
1.adj. 愚蠢的；不明事理的；没头脑的 eg. You made a lot of silly mistakes . 你犯了许多愚蠢的错误。
2.可笑的，荒唐的
eg. I feel so silly in this outfit. 穿上这套衣服我觉得很可笑。
bore sb silly informal to make someone extremely bored 令某人极为厌烦 drink/laugh/scare etc yourself silly informal to drink or laugh etc so much that you stop behaving sensibly 喝得烂醉/笑得不成样子/吓得半死等
辨析 foolish, silly, stupid, dull foolish 强调愚蠢的，笨的，不明智的 eg. I remonstrated him not to do anything foolish. Silly 表示无意义的，无聊的，无知的 eg. Being called silly is not compliment. eg. Don't play such a silly play. stupid 强调人及言行缺乏良好的判断力，及一般的智能（主要指天生迟钝） eg. His son is as stupid as all. dull 指理解迟钝，或健康状况不佳、工作过度而导致的缺乏敏锐的头脑 eg. The old man's hearing has become dull. eg. She is a dull girl.表示人很呆
advance 英 /əd'vɑːns/ 美/əd'væns/
adj. 预先的；先行的；事先获得的 advance information 预先获得的信息 advance planning/warning/booking 预先计划/警告/订购等 advance party/team 〔提前到某地为活动做准备的〕先遣队，先遣人员 advance copy 〔书的〕样本；〔唱片的〕样片
n. 发展；前进；增长；预付款 in advance (of sth)：before something happens or is expected to happen 预先，提前；（在某事）发生之前提前 eg. six months/a year etc in advance eg. Book tickets 21 days in advance. 请提前21天订票。
be in advance of sb/sth 超前于某人/某物；比某事物先进
eg. Their aircraft were in advance of those used by the US.他们的飞机比美国人用的要先进。
词组：
dress up
“化妆、打扮”，穿上盛装，精心打扮。 eg. She was dressed up for the Easter parade. 她为参加复活节游行精心打扮一番。
穿上特殊服装; （使） 装扮成另一种样子
eg. Dress up as the policeman.
play jokes on 捉弄某人
all sorts of 各种各样的
be grateful to 对……感激
sure enough 果然
go on 发生
If something is going on, it is happening. eg. While this conversation was going on, I was listening with earnest attention. 该谈话进行时，我在聚精会神地听。
If you go on about something, you continue talking about the same thing, often in an annoying way. 唠唠叨叨地谈 eg. He's always going on about his son and daughter. 他总是没完没了地谈论他的儿子和女儿。
If an electrical device goes on, it begin soperating. （电气设备）开始运转 eg. A light went on at seven every evening. 一盏灯每晚七点钟亮。
精妙翻译：
Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.
for this piece of advance information 如果直译为“因为这则事先获得的消息而……”，汉语会稍显别扭，而将名词译作动词，“事先通报”，则自然多了。
DAY 179
Lesson 40-4: Who's who
When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force. The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill. The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper. He threatened to call the police.
知识点：
单词：
remonstrate 英 /ˈremənstreɪt/ 美 /rɪˈmɑ:nstreɪt/
VERB 抗议；表示异议；反对 If you remonstrate with someone, you protest to them about something you do not approve of or agree with, and you try to get it changed or stopped.
eg. He remonstrated with the referee … 他向裁判抗议。
seize 英 /si:z/ 美 /siz/
VERB （迅速有力地）抓住，捉住 If you seize something, you take hold of it quickly, firmly, and forcefully.
eg. 'Leigh,' he said seizing my arm to hold me back. “莉，”他说着一把抓住我的胳膊把我拉了回来。
fiercely 英 /fɪəslɪ/ 美 /ˈfɪrslɪ/
ADJ-GRADED（感情或行动）激烈的，狂热的 Fierce feelings or actions are very intense or enthusiastic, or involve great activity.
eg. Competition has been fierce to win a stake in Skoda … 争夺斯柯达股份的竞争极为激烈。
eg. He has always been ambitious and fiercely competitive. 他总是雄心勃勃，争强好斗。
词组：
as one pleased 随某人的便
eg. You may go around and have free talks with them as you please. 你可以随便四处走走，同他们随便聊聊。
句式：
… and remonstrated with the workmen.
规劝……，“就……而规劝某人”时，通常使用 remonstrate with sb. about/regarding/upon/on sth. 的结构形式。
eg. His parents remonstrated with him about his bad habits. 他父母规劝他改掉他的恶习。
长难句、语法：
Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen.
shortly afterwards，不久之后
four more 四个
eg. Only two more days to go! 仅仅剩下两天了。
and 连接警察“来了”和“规劝”这两个先后发生的动作。
精妙翻译：
As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill.
由于工人拒绝停下手中的活，警察想夺风钻。
as 引导原因状语从句，说明警察想夺风钻的原因。
DAY 180
Lesson 40-5: Who's who
At this,the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as themen were already under arrest. Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a call-box.Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.
知识点：
单词：
ironically 英 /aɪ'rɒnɪklɪ/ 美 /aɪ'rɒnɪklɪ/
ADV-GRADED 讽刺挖苦地；说反话地 If you say something ironically, you do not mean it and are saying it as a joke. eg. Classmates at West Point had ironically dubbed him Beauty. 西点军校的同学们曾挖苦地戏称他为“美人”。
pretending 英 /prɪ'tendɪŋ/ 美 /prɪ'tendɪŋ/
VERB 假装；伪装；装作 If you pretend that something is the case, you act in a way that is intended to make people believe that it is the case, although in fact it is not. eg. I pretend that things are really okay when they're not … 当情况不好的时候我假装一切顺利。
permission 英 /pəˈmɪʃn/ 美 /pərˈmɪʃn/
N-UNCOUNT 准许；许可；批准 If someone who has authority over you gives you permission to do something, they say that they will allow you to do it. eg. He asked permission to leave the room … 他请求准许离开房间。
grant 英 /grɑ:nt/ 美 /grænt/
VERB （勉强）承认，同意 to admit that sth is true, although you may not like or agree with it.
eg. I grant you that it looks good, but it's not exactly practical. 我承认你说的，它好看，可并不实用。
词组：
under arrest 被逮捕
pay phone 公用电话亭，投币电话
句式：
only when…did he realize that…
only 加上状语从句放在句首，主句主谓语要倒装
长难句、语法：
Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.
第一个 that 引导宾语从句，说明 saw 的内容。
第二个 that 引导宾语从句，交代 realize 的内容。
only when 直到……才……，只有当时候……才。Only 为副词，起强调作用。只有当 only + 状语（如本文中从属连词 when 引导的时间状语从句）这样的结构用于句首时，句子的谓语部分需使用部分倒装语序。
eg. Only if you've been through such agony will you believe it. 只有你经受过这样的痛苦，你才会相信。
eg. From a scientific point of view, work is done only when the applied force produces motion.从科学的观点来看，只有当作用力产生运动时，才算是做了功。（位于句尾，无需倒装，使用正常语序。）
精妙翻译：
Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone.
警察同意了，陪他来到一个投币地电话前。
被动语态 was granted 用来强调警察的强硬态度，但是翻译时使用了主动句，符合汉语习惯。
Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.
当他看到那个工人真的是给警察挂电话，才恍然大悟，原来他们都成一场骗局的受害者。
realize 翻译成“恍然大悟”，转折，又为后面的受害者带来一种幽默感。
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