Week 4

这里是ScalersTalk旗下新概念训练营新三朗读小组的日志。以下是Day16-Day20的总结。

DAY16

L4-4: The double life of Alfred Bloggs

He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on,he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'.

知识点：

单词：

half 英 /hɑːf/美 /hæf/

status 英/ˈsteɪtəs/美/ˈstetəs,ˈsteɪtəs,ˈstætəs/

• 不可数名词，需要定语修饰词，如+of介词短语

• status quo/kwəu/现状；原来的状况

  • defend/restore/maintain/perserve/keep/change

  • a return to the status quo

• status表社会地位时，与position通用，但status更正式

• position位置，职位，地位，名词，处境，态度/看法（正式）

词组：

• from now on; 从此

  • from this moment on;

  • from today on;

  • from this week on

句式：

• He will earn only half as much as he used to.

  =His earnings were only half the amount they used to be.

  • 原文里used to 后相当于省略了earn

  • 当“used to”后面接be动词时，该be动词通常不可省略。（课后题8）

• but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.

  • well worth+sth（n./-ing）sth值得，有价值

  • worth虽然是个adj，但用法同prep，后接名词，代词，数词，动词-ing

扩展1：worth与value

• worth做n，较常用于以指某事物的实际作用或道德意义（物体本身永远不变的价值，含金额概念）；

• value则是指别人愿意为某物付出的价值（按人的主观判断对物品本身内在的有用评价，比如与价格相比，值），还有价值观的意思

扩展2：worth，worthy，worthwhile

• worth的adj只能做表语，主动表被动，The film is worth seeing. 电影值得看。

  • 或用it代词，it is worth doing sth.

• worthy作表语，不可以主动表被动，The film is worthy of being seen.

  • worthy不仅可以作表语，还可以做前置定语。He is a worthy man.

• It is worthwhile for sb to do sth/worthwhile doing sth/worthwhile to do sth

  • worth while可以分开写，但用于n.前不可分开

长难句、语法：

• He will soon be working in an office.

  • 将来进行时表示现已确定或决定的将来的某件事情。

• He will be earning only half as much as he used to.

  • "as much as" 同级比较短语

  • as much as+具体数字：多达……（具体数），much可用其他many，high等

扩展：倍数表达法《叶永昌》P379

英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。英语在表述或比较倍数时，无论使用什么句 型（除了不含倍数词的again句型外）都包括基础倍数在内，因此都不是净增或净减n倍，而是净增或净减n-1倍。

以倍数增加举例 1.①A is n times as great（long，much，…）as B.

②A is n times greater （longer， more，…）than B.

③A is n times the size （length， amount，…）of B.

以上三句都应译为；A的大小（长度，数量，……）是B的n倍[或A比B大（长，多，……）n-1倍].

注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than（as，of）B常被省去。

2.④increase to n times

⑤increase n times／n-fold（或n-fold increase（n.））

⑥increase by n times

⑦increase by a factor of n

以上四式均应译为：增加到n倍（或：增加n-1倍）。

注：在这类句型中increase常被raise，grow，go/step up，multiply等词所替代。

3.⑧There is a n-fold increase/growth

应译为：增加n-1倍（或增至n倍）。

这个句型还有其它一些形式：

e.g. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 据报道，价值破记录地增长了3倍。

注：以上如果倍数超级巨大，就不用译成n-1了。

4.那要如何表示净增减？

⑨A is n times/n% up on/over B. A比B增加n倍/增加n%。

⑩增减意义谓语+百分数/数词：A+增减意义谓语+（by）+n%/n. A比B……n%/n。

5.用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法。

⑪A is as much （large，long，…）again as B.= A is twice as much （large，long，…）as B.

⑫A is half as much again as B.表示净增加半倍，即A是B的一倍半。

• again也可以用于第一个as前。A is half again as much as B.

精妙翻译：

地位升高了，损失点钱也值得。 His rise in status is well worth the loss of money.

DAY17

L5-1: The facts

Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it.

知识点：

单词：

editor/ˈedɪtə/

辨析edit/editor，compile/compiler，compose/composer

• edit指编辑他人的作品、尤指发表于报纸或刊物上的文章

• compile汇编（不作改动的编辑），经收集有关资料加以组织后出作品

• compose创作指编歌曲或创作诗画作品

extreme英/ɪksˈtriːm/美/ɪksˈtrim/

• -eme最高级后缀

• Extremes meet.物极必反

• in the extreme极度，极端，非常

statistics/stəˈtɪstɪks/

• 统计资料（指一系列数时谓复）；统计学（谓单）（stats/stæs/非正式）

• vital statistics

  • ~ of a population人口统计，pl-n /ˈvaitəl ~/，含出生率，死亡率等信息的数据资料

  • one's ~人体数据（尤指女性维度）

journalist/ˈʤəːnəlɪst/n.新闻工作者，新闻记者

辨析journalist，reporter，correspondent

• A journalist is a person whose job is to collect news and write about it for newspapers, magazines, television, or radio.

  • journal（新闻）+ist（人），所以它指的是新闻工作者，报刊编辑，报刊撰稿人，记者；报刊经营者。侧重于强调这个职业，专业。

• A reporter is someone who writes news articles or who broadcasts news reports.

  • report（采访报道）+er（人），所以指比较广泛的新闻报道，采访工作，采访记者，新闻通讯员。

• A correspondent is a newspaper or television journalist, especially one who specializes in a particular type of news.

  • correspond（cor(co-,col,con,com,一起)+respond（反应））+ent（人），所以correspondent指通信者；通讯员，其工作任务是特定的，专一的。如驻地记者London ~，随军记者a war ~

instruct/ɪnˈstrʌkt/

• vt.≈order，尤指以正式或官方的方式指示、命令、吩咐，含此意时，后面跟sb（宾语）和to do sth（to-不定式），sb这个宾语一定不可省略。如果不体现宾语，可以换成give instructions for…to be done…，give institutions that … should be done…

• vt.≈coach，teach教授，传授（尤指a subject/skill技能等） 正式用法，常用于法律场景：委托（律师）；托办

辨析：tell，instruct，direct，command，order

• tell 吩咐sb must /should do sth

• instruct尤正式，以正式或官方的指示、命令、吩咐

• direct=give an offical order正式发出指令

• command（用权威authority）命令要求指挥

• order（用权威authority）命令要求指挥

  • order比command更宽泛，甚至任何有权威的，父母、老师、政府也可。command稍强于order，部队长官发布命令常用，或用于没有任何商量余地的命令，不用于父母老师这种。

词组：

• new African republic /ˈæfrɪkən/非洲某个新成立共和国

• go to extremes to do sth.做某事走极端

  • go to the extreme of doing sth.采取…的极端手段（注意extreme为单数，前面有定冠词the）

  • take/carry sth. to extremes 做某事很过分

• provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物

• Refuse to do sth.=do not want to do sth.间接否定

  • Fail to do sth,=do not do sth.

  • Object to doing sth.=do not agree to do sth.

• instruct sb. to do sth.表示“指示/吩咐某人做某事

句式：

to write an article on…写一篇关于……的报道

• When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it.

精妙翻译：

报刊杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供一些无关紧要的事实和统计数字而走向极端。 Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.

• readers课后题9中是用public代替，public（大众，读者），audience观众、听众（多指现场的）

DAY18

L5-2: The facts

The article began:'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace'. The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall. The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.

知识点：

单词：

obtain/əbˈteɪn/

• vt.获得，赢得（尤指经过努力）

• vi.存在；流行；沿袭（规则、制度、习俗等exist）

• vt和vi均正式用法，写作中作vt用常采取被动语态，通常不会出现在口语中，口语中用get

• 常见搭配：obtain advice/information/permission得到忠告/信息/许可类

句式：

• set out to do sth带有某种特殊目的

• begin to do sth 描述某种状态的开始，反义词end

• start to do sth 强调动作，反义词为stop

• sb take a long time to do sth某人干什么用了很长时间

  • =it takes sb a long time to do sth

精妙翻译：

本段2个立即，一个at once ，一个immediately；2个核实，一个find out，一个obtain

DAY19

L5-3: The facts

Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.

知识点：

单词：

reluctantly/rɪˈlʌktəntlɪ/ adv.不情愿地，勉强地;

• ≈unwillingly

originally/əˈrɪdʒənəli/adv. 本; 起初，原来; 独创地，独出心裁地; 自来;

meanwhile/ˈminˌhwaɪl, -ˌwaɪl/adv. 同时，其间

词组：

• go to press 付印（一般不用作被动的状态）

  • =to start being printed（课后题5，这是一个短语，必须包含go to 和press在一起才构成付印的概念）

  • press 做n.时：

  • 1.报章，报刊，平面媒体，小报，谓单或复

    • press freedom/the freedom of the Press新闻自由

    • the Press新闻界，新闻工作者，记者（群体）

  • 2.印刷机，印刷

    • hot off the press

    • go to press

    • stop press刚刚见报的消息

  • 3.其他：出版社；压榨机（常复合词）；压，熨，按的动作；拥挤的人群/物

  • pr-前缀：压

    • pressure；compress压缩；depress使沮丧/萧条；express表达；impress使印象深刻；oppress压迫，使消沉

• get impatient 越来越不耐心了

  • be impatient at sth./with sb.

  • be impatient of sth.（正式用法，对不愉快的事）不愿接受，不能容忍

  • be impatient to do sth./be impatient for sth.=eager to do sth.渴望sth，急切想做sth

• be fired辞退，解雇

• get fired/get sacked/get the sack/kick sb out

  • fire，sack，dismiss

    sack俚语，fire非正式，dismiss比其他两个都正式些

    dismiss/remove sb. from sth.（正式）

句式：

He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired

• BrE中，yet 常用在现在完成时的句子中，already常用于肯定句，yet常用于否定句（尚，由于是否定句便译为“尚未……”）和疑问句（已经），但yet还有其他用法：

  与once , again , another 连用，起强调作用，尤有surprising之意，意思是"又、再、还"。例如 he has made yet another mistake. 他又犯了一个错。

长难句、语法：

He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply

• 由于两个主语的均为the editor，故可以通过的逗号进行省略。

the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.

• 连续用两个副词[reluctantly.originally]把人物的行为描绘得更形象。

精妙翻译：

在此期间，编辑等得不耐烦了，因为杂志马上要付印。

• Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.

……,但对方毫无反应。

• …,but received no reply.

但记者还是没有回复。编辑无奈，勉强按原样发稿了。

• When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.

  • 把when从句单独作为一个整句来翻译的，后面用句号。又将被动译为主动形式。

  • failed to reply 还是没有回复（不用翻译成回复失败，只需要把那种状态翻译出来就好）

DAY20

L5-4: The facts

A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.

知识点：

单词：

arrest /ə'rest/

• n.逮捕；拘捕；停止；中止

• v.逮捕；阻止；拘留；中止

  • arrest sb for sth/doing sth逮捕，拘留；

  • arrest sth中止sth

• （医）心跳停止 sb arrest

fax /fæks/

• n.传真机；传真（系统）；传真信件；传真电文

• v.传真（文档、信件等）

词组：

• as well 也，同样，还

• at last 终于，最后

• lead to 通向，导致

• sent to 送到，发往，发到

长难句、语法：

Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. 那个可怜的记者不仅被捕了，而且还被送进了监狱。

• not only放在句首引起部分倒装。But…as well连接两个并列的动作。

However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace. 不过，他终于获准发回了一份传真。在传真中他告诉编辑，就在他数通向15英尺高的总统府围墙的1，084级台阶时，被抓了起来。

• which 用于定语从句，作关系代词，在句中要做成分；

• in which 只能用在定语从句中，作关系副词，在句中不做成分，in which=where，作状语；

  • 如： He lived in the house in which Tom once lived. =He lived in the house where Tom once lived.

• while从句中省略了主语，因为while引导时间状语主从句主语一致，可省略。

精妙翻译：

Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. 那个可怜的记者不仅被捕了，而且还被送进了监狱。