Week 23

DAY111

L27-1: Nothing to sell and nothing to buy

It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money,it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.

知识点：

单词：

philosopher 英/fɪˈlɔsəfə(r)/美/fə`lɑsəfɚ/

哲学家，思想家（scholar,thinker）

phil(o)-前缀：loving，喜欢……的；sopho：wise

sophomore 大二（有点智慧了）

sophisticated 世故的，老练的

wisdom/ ˈwizdəm /

1.智慧;才智

2.(社会或文化长期积累的)知识，学问

3.明智 the wisdom of n./-ing

4.一般观点;普遍看法

5.扩展词组：

conventional / received wisdom

英英：the view or belief that most people hold

大多数人的看法；普遍信念

• eg. Conventional wisdom has it that riots only ever happen in cities.

  人们普遍认为，只有城市里才发生暴乱。

in his / her / its, etc. (infinite) wisdom

英英：used when you are saying that you do not understand why sb has done sth

【讽刺】(表示不理解他人的无知)以其(无限的)智慧；凭某人的精明（讽刺行动不明智）

• eg. The government in its wisdom has decided to support the ban.

  政府竟愚蠢到决定支持这项禁令。

priest/ priːst /神父；牧师

spiritual /ˈspiritʃuəl/ comfort精神安慰

spiritual home心灵家园

词组：

in the light of this statement,…

in the light of…

1.按照，根据，考虑到……（本文）（字面理解：借……光）

=from the point of view of

=considering

=allowing for

=taking sth into consideration

2.鉴于，由于（说明原因）……

• eg. It is to be regarded as excusable in the light of circumstances.

  考虑到具体情况，这将被看作是可以原谅的。

3.视为，当做（as）

• eg. He views progress in the light of scientific achievement.

  他认为进步就是科学的成就。

in light of…=in view of… 当做，视为

live by 以……谋生

• 区别live through 熬过，度过，活过

  eg. live through the bitter winter 熬过严冬

measure the value of …in terms of…用……来衡量……的价值

in terms of… 根据，从……方面来说

come to terms达成协议，和解

• eg. The opposing armies finally came to terms.

  交战的双方军队达成协议而和解了。

be on good terms with=be friendly with sb（可换bad）

estimate the true value of …估算……的真实价值

perform services

perform=to do sth抽象动词

• eg. perform a promise/duty/operation/experiment/trick

  履行诺言/完成职责/做手术/做实验/变戏法

句式、语法：

It has been said that…

Though it may be possible to do…,it is extremely difficult to do…

it形式主语，that从句/to do不定式作逻辑主语

difficult在此语境下可以理解为possible的反义词，极为困难（不可能），一种对顶修饰。

精妙翻译：

In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.

根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。

排比句体现文采，最后2个省略动词live，省略句使文章简洁生动。

DAY112

L27-2: Nothing to sell and nothing to buy

There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell. Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule.

知识点：

单词：

grudge/ grʌdʒ /

v.吝惜，勉强做，不愿给；n.积怨；怨恨；嫌隙

grudge doing sth/grudge（ sb） sth

have/bear a grudge against sth

gr-发牢骚、含混粗浊的声音

• eg. groan呻吟；

  grunt咕哝着说；

  grumpy爱发牢骚的；

  growl低沉的吼叫，咆哮

• eg. I grudge having to pay so much tax.

  得付这么多的税我很不情愿。

• eg. I bear him no grudge.

  我对他不怀任何积怨。

• eg.He has a grudge against the world.

  他对社会心存不满。

• eg. I don't hold any grudges now.

  我现在没有任何怨恨。

• eg. He's a man with a grudge.

  他是一个心怀怨恨的人。

surgeon/ˈsəːdʒən/ n.外科医生

surgery手术

plastic surgery整容手术

precisely/ priˈsaisli / adv.

精准准确地；正好，恰恰，确实地（表示强调）；确实如此，一点没错

more precisely

英英：used to show that you are giving more detailed and accurate information about sth you have just mentioned

更确切地说；更严格地说

• eg. The problem is due to discipline, or, more precisely, the lack of discipline, in schools.

  问题出在纪律上，或者更确切地说，是学校缺乏纪律。

tramp/træmp/n.游民，流浪汉

1.vagrant 游荡者，漂泊者，流浪汉

2.vagabond 游手好闲的浪荡子

3.waifs and strays 无家可归的孩子

句式：

There are times when sb would do sth

有时我们会做……

1.times 日子，生活

• eg. Times are hard.

  时事艰难。

2.There was a time when…有一段时期

give everything we possess to do sth

愿意付出我们所拥有的一切做某事

The conditions of society are such that…

社会上的情况就是如此

such that那么……竟至；如此……以至……

A in the same way that B（that=in which关系副词）

A以与B相同的方式

seem to be the only exception to …

似乎是唯一的例外

1.be an exception to sth

2.make an exception of

• eg. The general rule makes an exception of tramps.

注意exception跟介词to

长难句、语法：

There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.

• 整体为yet并列连接词引导的并列句。when从句修饰times，we possess修饰everything

• precisely修饰的是什么？修饰offer动词。

  当动词后接较长的介词短语/宾语时，副词通常紧随动词之后，在介词短语/宾语之前。

精妙翻译：

The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.

社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。

注意such that的翻译。

DAY113

L27-3: Nothing to sell and nothing to buy

Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars.They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.

知识点：

单词：

arouse/ əˈrauz /

• eg. arouse sympathy/curiosity/interest/instinct to risk

  激发同情/好奇/兴趣/冒险的本能

seek追求，追寻（含义比seek for要深）

seek for寻找

dignity/ ˈdignəti / 庄重，庄严，尊严； 尊贵，高贵，高尚；自豪，自尊，自重

• eg. human dignity

  人类尊严

扩展词组：

beneath your dignity

英英：If something is beneath your dignity, you feel that you are too important to do it

有失体面，有失身份；有损形象

eg. Cleaning of any description he felt was beneath his dignity.

他觉得干任何清洁工作都有失自己的体面。

deliberately/ diˈlibərətli / adv. 故意，蓄意，存心；不慌不忙地，小心翼翼地，从容不迫地

SYN→ intentionally , on purpose

consequence 英/ˈkɔnsikwəns/ 美/ ˈkɑːnsəkwens /

结果；后果；影响

辨析consequence, result, effect

consequence比result正式的多，通常指一系列事件发展、产生的必然结果，或一定逻辑推理的结果，与原因关系不密切，即可指简单的因果关系（无褒贬之意），但通常表示消极的不良结果，或至少是满意的结果中伴随着不良的因素。

result为普通用词，指直接或者间接的原因引起的结果，多用于比较具体明确的事物，也包括consequence“后果”或者effects“效果”所产生的“最后结果”。

effect指由于行动、步骤、人或事物直接产生的结果或效果，与原因有直接的联系，与motive“动机”和cause“原因”相对应。

in consequence (of sth)(formal)

=as a result of sth 由于，作为……的结果

• eg. The child was born deformed in consequence of an injury to its mother.

  由于母亲受过伤，这小孩生下来是畸形。

take the consequences 承担后果

句式：

arouse the pity of passers-by

唤醒；引起，激发；鼓动，鼓励，激励

arouse sb from/out of sth/to do sth

arise（问题或困境）发生，产生，出现

choose to lead the life he leads

选择过他心甘情愿的生活

=to live as he believes

is fully aware of the consequences

完全清楚后果

aware of 后面跟when, how, what等词，后面的of可以省略。

精妙翻译：

He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences.

他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。

DAY114

L27-4: Nothing to sell and nothing to buy

He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people. His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.

知识点：

单词：

afflict/ əˈflikt / v +with+宾语，（问题，疾病）使痛苦，折磨；影响；困扰

[often passive] (formal)

the afflicted 备受苦恼的人们

词组：

with ease

轻松自如地

sleep in the open

在露天睡觉

the world of nature

大自然

句式：

where the next meal is coming from

下顿饭在哪

free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people

不像有人那样被成千上万桩愁事所折磨

get far closer to sth than most of us ever do

比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多

• 类似get nearer to/get further to

精妙翻译：

He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.

他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。

• 领悟free from这里翻译的感觉。

DAY115

L27-5: Nothing to sell and nothing to buy

He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?

知识点：

单词：

contempt/ kənˈtempt /n

蔑视；轻蔑；鄙视

• eg. She's beneath contempt (= I have no respect for her) !

  她为人所不齿！

词组扩展：

1.hold someone/thing in contempt

英英：consider someone or something to be unworthy of respect or attention

轻视；对…不屑一顾

• eg. he wouldn't answer a woman he held in such contempt.

  他不愿回答一个他如此蔑视的女人。

2.have/feel a contempt for sb 看不起sb

3.be contemptuous of … 蔑视……的

envious/ ˈenviəs /羡慕的；嫉妒的

+of sth

辨析envious, jealous嫉妒的

这两个英文单词都可以做为“妒忌”来解释

envious强调羡慕别人有，而希望自己也有......

jealous则是强调妒忌别人有，恨别人有......，甚至觉得别人有的东西本应该他所有，带有强烈的不良情绪，吃醋，不高兴等。

词组：

keep oneself alive 维持生存

1.alive：not dead

2.living：alive now 现存的

3.lively 快活的

4.live adj. 现场转播的，注意发音/laiv/

• eg. a live band 现场乐队

• a live performance 现场表演

in times of real need 确实需要的时候

with contempt 蔑视；轻蔑；鄙视

with+情感词，表示怀有……情感

simple way of life

freedom from care=be free from care

无忧无虑

care忧虑，烦恼

句式：

speak of tramps with contempt

put sb in the same class as… 将……归为一类

not in the same class as …与……不是在同一个等级上的（主语不如……）

• eg. Peter is not in the same class as his brother in terms of tennis.

  就网球而言，Peter和他的弟弟不是一个级别的。（Peter不如他弟弟）

how many of us can honestly say that …我们中多少人能坦诚地说/承认……

feel a little envious of … 对……感到有些羡慕

精妙翻译：

We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?

说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？

• 调整中文语序，使译文流畅自然。注意envious的翻译“羡慕”，需在理解作者态度基础上择词翻译。