Week 52

DAY256

L53-2: In the public interest

As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'.

知识点：

单词：

safeguard BrE /'seɪfgɑːd/ AmE /'sefɡɑrd/

v. to protect sth. from harm or damage保护; 保卫; 防护

safeguard sb’s interests/rights/welfare etc

eg. The industry has a duty to safeguard consumers.

safeguard sth. against sth.

eg. a program for safeguarding the computer system against viruses

n. a rule, agreement etc that is intended to protect someone or sth. from possible dangers or problems防护措施, 安全设施

safeguard against

eg. Save your files regularly as a safeguard against loss of data.

parliamentary BrE /ˌpɑːlə'ment(ə)rɪ/ AmE /ˌpɑrlə'mɛntri/

adj. relating to or governed by a parliament议会的,国会的

eg. the world’s oldest parliamentary democracy

eg. Both parties wanted the government to hold parliamentary elections first.

grievance BrE /'griːv(ə)ns/ AmE /'grivəns/

n. a belief that you have been treated unfairly, or an unfair situation or event that affects and upsets you

委屈, 苦衷, 不满, 怨恨

eg. There must be an opportunity for both sides to air their grievances.

a genuine grievance (=one that is definitely true)

eg. He felt that he had a genuine grievance and was prepared to take the company to court over the matter.

a legitimate grievance (=one that is reasonable)

eg. Many people feel that the rebels have a legitimate grievance.

an old grievance (=one that you have felt unhappy about for a long time)

eg. Years later, we became friends again and sorted out our old grievances.

a personal grievance

eg. He has no personal grievance against Frank.

have a grievance (against sb)

eg. I had no grievance against him.

air your grievances (=tell people you think you have been treated unfairly)

eg. These committees act as a forum for various groups to air their grievances.

nurse a grievance (=think a lot or for a long time about the fact you have been treated unfairly)

eg. He was nursing a grievance about not being picked for the team.

file a grievance（American English） (=officially complain)

eg. She filed a grievance after failing to get a promotion.

settle a grievance (=solve one)

eg. The union decided to settle its grievance in the law courts.

Justiteombudsman/'dʒʌstaɪt'ɒmbʊdzmən / n.（瑞典的）司法特派员

Ombudsman BrE /'ɒmbʊdzmən/ AmE /'ɑmbʊdzmən/n.（瑞典和英国的）司法特派员

词组：

be qualified to do sth.胜任做某事

句式：

长难句、语法：

A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.

parliamentary前置定语修饰committee，representing all political parties为后置定语修饰committee，who引导的定语从句修饰a person。

精妙翻译：

A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.

议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。
翻译时将委员会的前后定语都放在了前面，who引导的定语从句翻译时放在person前面，即“称职的人选”，符合中文习惯。

DAY257

L53-3: In the public interest

The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail.

知识点：

单词：

subject / səb'dʒekt /

1.V.使隶属，使顺从；征服

subject sb/sth to sth

2.adj. 易受某人[某事]影响；可能会…的

eg. All flights are subject to delay.所有航班都有可能延误。

取决于某人[某事]，视某人[某事]而定

eg. The funding is subject to approval by the Board of Education.

拨款有待教育委员会批准。

〔国家、人民等〕被他国统治的，受人管辖的【正式】

eg. subject peoples被他国统治的民族

be subject to a rule/law/penalty/tax

须遵守规则/须遵守法令/须缴纳罚款/须缴纳税款

3.N.〔对话、讨论、书、电影等的〕主题，题目和话题

eg. The subjects covered in this chapter are exercise and nutrition.

本章涵盖的主题是运动和营养。

不是 ‘the subject is about...’,subject 后接of。

eg. The subject of the poem is war.

该诗的主题是战争。

eg. The poem is about war.

这首诗写的是战争。

学科，科目；课程

eg. My favourite subject is math.

我最喜欢的学科是数学。

词组：

In writing 以书面形式

in detail 详细地

句式：

be subject to 受控制，服从于…

eg. Police subjected him to hours of questioning.警察对他进行了长时间的盘问。

长难句、语法：

complaints large and small .指程度不同的怨言

这里large和small是后置定语。表示相反意义的形容词并用的时候是需要放在修饰词的后面。

DAY258

L53-4: In the public interest

There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered.The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.

知识点：

单词：

secretive 英/'siːkrɪtɪv/ 美/'sɪkrətɪv/ adj. 秘密的；偷偷摸摸的；促进分泌的

ADJ If you are secretive, you like to have secrets and to keep your knowledge, feelings, or intentions hidden. 藏而不露的；讳莫如深的

eg. Billionaires are usually fairly secretive about the exact amount that they're worth.

亿万富翁们通常对有关他们身价的确切数字讳莫如深。

同近义词：underground , chamber , inside , cabinet

reprimand 英/'reprɪmɑːnd/ 美/'rɛprɪmænd/

1.V-T If someone is reprimanded, they are spoken to angrily or seriously for doing sth. wrong, usually by a person in authority. 训斥; 谴责 [正式]

eg. He was reprimanded by a teacher for talking in the corridor.

他因在走廊里说话而被一位老师训斥。

2.N-VAR Reprimand is also a noun. 训斥; 谴责

eg. He has been fined five thousand dollars and given a severe reprimand.

他被罚款5000美元，并且受到严厉的训斥。

同近义词：

n. 谴责；训斥；申诉——hell , condemnation

vt. 谴责；训斥；责难——condemn , denounce

parliament 英/'pɑːləm(ə)nt/ 美/'pɑrləmənt/

1.N-COUNT/N-PROPER The parliament of some countries is the group of people who make or change its laws, and decide what policies the country should follow. 议会

eg. The Bangladesh Parliament today approved the policy, but it has not yet become law.

孟加拉共和国议会今天批准了这项政策，但它还没有成为法律。

2.also Member of Parliament

N-COUNT A Member of Parliament is a person who has been elected by the people in a particular area to represent them in a country's parliament. The abbreviation MP is often used. 国会议员 (MP)

eg. ...the Member of Parliament for Torbay.

…托贝的国会议员。

3.N-COUNT A particular parliament is a particular period of time in which a parliament is doing its work, between two elections or between two periods of holiday.

一届议会的任期; (两次大选之间的) 一届议会

eg. The legislation is expected to be passed in the next parliament.

这项法规有望在下届议会中通过。

词组：

be open to 对…开放；愿接受…的

be open to public 向公众开放

be more open to 更欢迎 ; 更欢送

be open to feedback 广纳建言

act on his behalf 代表他行事

eg. The Employer may appoint an Employer's Representative to act on his behalf under the Contract.

雇主可以任命一名雇主代表，代表他根据合同进行工作。

according to 美根据，按照；取决于；据…所说

eg. The teacher regraded the students into small groups according to ability.

教师按照能力的高低将学生重新分成若干小组。

suggest to 提建议

suggest itself to 浮现在脑海里

suggest sth to sb 向某人提议

suggest sth to sth 建议

句式：

There is nothing secretive about ... for...

The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.

长难句、语法：

There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection.

for引导的原因从句。

The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.

according to引导的状语从句。

精妙翻译：

1.There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection.

司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。

英文长句翻译成三个中文短句，简洁有力。

2.If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.

如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。

is justified没有翻成被动语态，符合中文表达习惯。

will act on his behalf翻译成“为他伸张正义”而不是“代表他行事”更符合上下文意思。

DAY259

L53-5: In the public interest

A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.

知识点：

单词：

justified 合理的

1 ADJ-GRADED （决定、行为或想法）正当的，合理的

If you describe a decision, action, or idea as justified, you think it is reasonable and acceptable.

e.g. In my opinion, the decision was wholly justified.

我认为，这个决定完全合理。

2 ADJ （做…）有正当理由的 If you think that someone is justified in doing sth. , you think that their reasons for doing it are good and valid.

e.g. He's absolutely justified in resigning. He was treated shamefully.

他完全有理由辞职。他受到了侮辱。

词组：

Chief of Police 警察局长

in the district 地方上

deny an accusation/a charge

指责：accuse sb of sth

charge sb with sth

DAY260

L53-6: In the public interest

It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files.

知识点：

单词：

ascertain 英/,æsə'teɪn/美 /'æsɚ'ten/

v[T]FORMAL to discover or find out someting

vt.探知，发现;弄清，查明(真相等);确定 :to ascertain the facts查明事实真相

[古语]把…弄确实

eg. We want to see final figures of boys and girls and the relations to ascertain what sort of group we have here.

我们要看看男孩和女孩完整的样子以及他门之间的关系，从而确定他们究竟属于哪个群体。

近义词：learn

短语：ascertain losss 确定损失

ascertain distinguish 判明

ascertain instantaneously 立即查明

to ascertain判明

ascertained ascertain 查明

ascertain fathom 捉摸

roughly 英 /'rʌflɪ/ 美 /'rʌfli/

1 not exactly ;about, 概率地，大概地 .adv

eg. Roughly 100 pepole came：粗率算有100人来。

2 not gently or carefully ；粗糙地.adv

eg. I wish you wouldn’t handle me so roughly.

我希望你不要那么粗鲁地对待我。

短语：

roughly equal 约等于 ; 大致相等 ; 大约平等

treating roughly 粗暴对待的

prejudiced 英 /'predʒədɪst/ 美/'prɛdʒədɪst/

having an unfair feeling of dislike for someone who is of a different race,sex,religion

adj. 怀偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的

eg. Tom is so prejudiced against gay people 汤姆对同性恋怀有很大的偏见

be prejudiced against对...有偏见

短语

prejudiced love偏爱

prejudiced talk偏见言谈

be prejudiced先人为主

not prejudiced没有偏见

prejudiced disinterested有偏见的

prejudiced

• vt. prejudice的变形

长难句、语法：

It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action,but when he received a similar complaint from anther foreigner in the same village ,he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter.

it was impossible 是it is +形容词+to do的固定形式，是形式主语，真正的主语是to do,即to take action;

when 引导的是时间状语从句，主句是 he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter

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Week 52

DAY256

L53-2: In the public interest

知识点：

单词：

safeguard BrE /'seɪfgɑːd/ AmE /'sefɡɑrd/

v. to protect sth. from harm or damage保护; 保卫; 防护

safeguard sb’s interests/rights/welfare etc

eg. The industry has a duty to safeguard consumers.

safeguard sth. against sth.

eg. a program for safeguarding the computer system against viruses

n. a rule, agreement etc that is intended to protect someone or sth. from possible dangers or problems防护措施, 安全设施

safeguard against

eg. Save your files regularly as a safeguard against loss of data.

parliamentary BrE /ˌpɑːlə'ment(ə)rɪ/ AmE /ˌpɑrlə'mɛntri/

adj. relating to or governed by a parliament议会的,国会的

eg. the world’s oldest parliamentary democracy

eg. Both parties wanted the government to hold parliamentary elections first.

grievance BrE /'griːv(ə)ns/ AmE /'grivəns/

n. a belief that you have been treated unfairly, or an unfair situation or event that affects and upsets you

委屈, 苦衷, 不满, 怨恨

eg. There must be an opportunity for both sides to air their grievances.

a genuine grievance (=one that is definitely true)

eg. He felt that he had a genuine grievance and was prepared to take the company to court over the matter.

a legitimate grievance (=one that is reasonable)

eg. Many people feel that the rebels have a legitimate grievance.

an old grievance (=one that you have felt unhappy about for a long time)

eg. Years later, we became friends again and sorted out our old grievances.

a personal grievance

eg. He has no personal grievance against Frank.

have a grievance (against sb)

eg. I had no grievance against him.

air your grievances (=tell people you think you have been treated unfairly)

eg. These committees act as a forum for various groups to air their grievances.

nurse a grievance (=think a lot or for a long time about the fact you have been treated unfairly)

eg. He was nursing a grievance about not being picked for the team.

file a grievance（American English） (=officially complain)

eg. She filed a grievance after failing to get a promotion.

settle a grievance (=solve one)

eg. The union decided to settle its grievance in the law courts.

Justiteombudsman/'dʒʌstaɪt'ɒmbʊdzmən / n.（瑞典的）司法特派员

Ombudsman BrE /'ɒmbʊdzmən/ AmE /'ɑmbʊdzmən/n.（瑞典和英国的）司法特派员

词组：

be qualified to do sth.胜任做某事

句式：

长难句、语法：

A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.

parliamentary前置定语修饰committee，representing all political parties为后置定语修饰committee，who引导的定语从句修饰a person。

精妙翻译：

A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.

议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。
翻译时将委员会的前后定语都放在了前面，who引导的定语从句翻译时放在person前面，即“称职的人选”，符合中文习惯。

DAY257

L53-3: In the public interest

知识点：

单词：

subject / səb'dʒekt /

1.V.使隶属，使顺从；征服

subject sb/sth to sth

2.adj. 易受某人[某事]影响；可能会…的

eg. All flights are subject to delay.所有航班都有可能延误。

取决于某人[某事]，视某人[某事]而定

eg. The funding is subject to approval by the Board of Education.

拨款有待教育委员会批准。

〔国家、人民等〕被他国统治的，受人管辖的【正式】

eg. subject peoples被他国统治的民族

be subject to a rule/law/penalty/tax

须遵守规则/须遵守法令/须缴纳罚款/须缴纳税款

3.N.〔对话、讨论、书、电影等的〕主题，题目和话题

eg. The subjects covered in this chapter are exercise and nutrition.

本章涵盖的主题是运动和营养。

不是 ‘the subject is about...’,subject 后接of。

eg. The subject of the poem is war.

该诗的主题是战争。

eg. The poem is about war.

这首诗写的是战争。

学科，科目；课程

eg. My favourite subject is math.

我最喜欢的学科是数学。

词组：

In writing 以书面形式

in detail 详细地

句式：

be subject to 受控制，服从于…

eg. Police subjected him to hours of questioning.警察对他进行了长时间的盘问。

长难句、语法：

complaints large and small .指程度不同的怨言

这里large和small是后置定语。表示相反意义的形容词并用的时候是需要放在修饰词的后面。

DAY258

L53-4: In the public interest

知识点：

单词：

secretive 英/'siːkrɪtɪv/ 美/'sɪkrətɪv/ adj. 秘密的；偷偷摸摸的；促进分泌的

ADJ If you are secretive, you like to have secrets and to keep your knowledge, feelings, or intentions hidden. 藏而不露的；讳莫如深的

eg. Billionaires are usually fairly secretive about the exact amount that they're worth.

亿万富翁们通常对有关他们身价的确切数字讳莫如深。

同近义词：underground , chamber , inside , cabinet

reprimand 英/'reprɪmɑːnd/ 美/'rɛprɪmænd/

1.V-T If someone is reprimanded, they are spoken to angrily or seriously for doing sth. wrong, usually by a person in authority. 训斥; 谴责 [正式]

eg. He was reprimanded by a teacher for talking in the corridor.

他因在走廊里说话而被一位老师训斥。

2.N-VAR Reprimand is also a noun. 训斥; 谴责

eg. He has been fined five thousand dollars and given a severe reprimand.

他被罚款5000美元，并且受到严厉的训斥。

同近义词：

n. 谴责；训斥；申诉——hell , condemnation

vt. 谴责；训斥；责难——condemn , denounce

parliament 英/'pɑːləm(ə)nt/ 美/'pɑrləmənt/

1.N-COUNT/N-PROPER The parliament of some countries is the group of people who make or change its laws, and decide what policies the country should follow. 议会

eg. The Bangladesh Parliament today approved the policy, but it has not yet become law.

孟加拉共和国议会今天批准了这项政策，但它还没有成为法律。

2.also Member of Parliament

N-COUNT A Member of Parliament is a person who has been elected by the people in a particular area to represent them in a country's parliament. The abbreviation MP is often used. 国会议员 (MP)

eg. ...the Member of Parliament for Torbay.

…托贝的国会议员。

3.N-COUNT A particular parliament is a particular period of time in which a parliament is doing its work, between two elections or between two periods of holiday.

一届议会的任期; (两次大选之间的) 一届议会

eg. The legislation is expected to be passed in the next parliament.

这项法规有望在下届议会中通过。

词组：

be open to 对…开放；愿接受…的

be open to public 向公众开放

be more open to 更欢迎 ; 更欢送

be open to feedback 广纳建言

act on his behalf 代表他行事

eg. The Employer may appoint an Employer's Representative to act on his behalf under the Contract.

雇主可以任命一名雇主代表，代表他根据合同进行工作。

according to 美根据，按照；取决于；据…所说

eg. The teacher regraded the students into small groups according to ability.

教师按照能力的高低将学生重新分成若干小组。

suggest to 提建议

suggest itself to 浮现在脑海里

suggest sth to sb 向某人提议

suggest sth to sth 建议

句式：

There is nothing secretive about ... for...

The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.

长难句、语法：

There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection.

for引导的原因从句。

The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.

according to引导的状语从句。

精妙翻译：

1.There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection.

司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。

英文长句翻译成三个中文短句，简洁有力。

2.If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.

如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。

is justified没有翻成被动语态，符合中文表达习惯。

will act on his behalf翻译成“为他伸张正义”而不是“代表他行事”更符合上下文意思。

DAY259

L53-5: In the public interest

知识点：

单词：

justified 合理的

1 ADJ-GRADED （决定、行为或想法）正当的，合理的

If you describe a decision, action, or idea as justified, you think it is reasonable and acceptable.

e.g. In my opinion, the decision was wholly justified.

我认为，这个决定完全合理。

2 ADJ （做…）有正当理由的 If you think that someone is justified in doing sth. , you think that their reasons for doing it are good and valid.

e.g. He's absolutely justified in resigning. He was treated shamefully.

他完全有理由辞职。他受到了侮辱。

词组：

Chief of Police 警察局长

in the district 地方上

deny an accusation/a charge

指责：accuse sb of sth

charge sb with sth

DAY260

L53-6: In the public interest

知识点：

单词：

ascertain 英/,æsə'teɪn/美 /'æsɚ'ten/

v[T]FORMAL to discover or find out someting

vt.探知，发现;弄清，查明(真相等);确定 :to ascertain the facts查明事实真相

[古语]把…弄确实

eg. We want to see final figures of boys and girls and the relations to ascertain what sort of group we have here.

我们要看看男孩和女孩完整的样子以及他门之间的关系，从而确定他们究竟属于哪个群体。

近义词：learn

短语：ascertain losss 确定损失

ascertain distinguish 判明

ascertain instantaneously 立即查明

to ascertain判明

ascertained ascertain 查明

ascertain fathom 捉摸

roughly 英 /'rʌflɪ/ 美 /'rʌfli/

1 not exactly ;about, 概率地，大概地 .adv

eg. Roughly 100 pepole came：粗率算有100人来。

2 not gently or carefully ；粗糙地.adv

eg. I wish you wouldn’t handle me so roughly.

我希望你不要那么粗鲁地对待我。

短语：

roughly equal 约等于 ; 大致相等 ; 大约平等

treating roughly 粗暴对待的

prejudiced 英 /'predʒədɪst/ 美/'prɛdʒədɪst/

having an unfair feeling of dislike for someone who is of a different race,sex,religion

adj. 怀偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的

eg. Tom is so prejudiced against gay people 汤姆对同性恋怀有很大的偏见

be prejudiced against对...有偏见

短语

prejudiced love偏爱

prejudiced talk偏见言谈

be prejudiced先人为主

not prejudiced没有偏见

prejudiced disinterested有偏见的

prejudiced

• vt. prejudice的变形

长难句、语法：

it was impossible 是it is +形容词+to do的固定形式，是形式主语，真正的主语是to do,即to take action;

when 引导的是时间状语从句，主句是 he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter

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