Week 41
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By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.
ferry /ˈferi / n.渡船、摆渡
eg. The ferry service has restarted after an interval of 12 years.时隔12年之后，轮渡服务又重新开通了。
cruise /kru:z / n.游览、旅行
eg. He and his wife were planning to go on a world cruise. 他和太太计划乘船环游世界。
vi. to travel on ships for pleasure 航游；旅游航行
vi. If a ship or aircraft cruises, it travels at a continuous speed. （船只或飞机）巡航，以平稳的速度航行
vi./vt. to go around public places looking for someone to have sex with （在公共场所）寻觅性伴侣，寻花问柳，猎艳
eg. He spends the weekends cruising the bars.周末他泡在酒吧里寻花问柳。
ferry
A ferry is a merchant vessel used to carry passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo as well, across a body of water. Most ferries operate regular return services. A passenger ferry with many stops, such as in Venice, Italy, is sometimes called a water bus or water taxi.
Ferries form a part of the public transport systems of many waterside cities and islands, allowing direct transit between points at a capital cost much lower than bridges or tunnels. However, ship connections of much larger distances (such as over long distances in water bodies like the Mediterranean Sea) may also be called ferry services, especially if they carry vehicles.
cruise
Do not confuse with "cruiser" which is a type of warship.
A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are a part of the experience, as well as the different destinations along the way, i.e., ports of call. Transportation is not the only purpose of cruising, particularly on cruises that return passengers to their originating port (also known as a closed-loop cruise), with the ports of call usually in a specified region of a continent. There are even "cruises to nowhere" or "nowhere voyages" where the ship makes 2–3 night round trips without any ports of call.
seasick/ˈsi:sɪk / adj.晕船的
eg. I felt seasick so I went up on deck for some fresh air. 我有些晕船,所以到甲板上去呼吸些新鲜空气.
sacrifice/ˈsækrɪfaɪs /
1.n.牺牲
eg. He was willing to make any sacrifice for peace. 他愿意为和平作出任何牺牲。
2.v.牺牲
eg. A mother will sacrifice her life for her children. 为了孩子,一个母亲可以献出她自己的生命.
by/in comparison相比之下
in comparison with…与……相比
eg. The rest of the arts scene looks increasingly turgid by comparison. 比较而言，艺术界的其他领域看起来越发索然无味。
If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse.
if后面的连词and用来连接一个表示结果的句子，“那么”、“则”，口语中很常见。
eg. If you speak the truth，and you need have no shame.如果你说真话，那你就不必害臊。
if it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse.
如果大海肆虐起来，你就可能晕船，那种难受劲儿是任何一种别的旅行的方式都不会带来的。
Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly.
intimidate/ inˈtimideit /恐吓，威胁
+sb into doing sth/into sth
辨析frighten，scare，terrify，startle，alarm，intimidate，give sb a fright，give sb the creeps
frightento make someone feel afraid: The thought of being in court frightened him.
scare( especially spoken) to frighten someone. Scare is less formal than frighten, and is the usual word to use in everyday English:
eg. He was driving fast just to scare us.
eg. It scared him to think that his mother might never recover.
terrifyto make someone feel extremely frightened:
eg. The idea of going down into the caves terrified her.
eg. Robbers terrified bank staff by threatening them at gunpoint.
give somebody a frightto make someone suddenly feel frightened in a way that makes their heart beat more quickly:
eg. It gave me a terrible fright when I found him unconscious on the floor.
give somebody the creepsif a person or place gives you the creeps, they make you feel slightly frightened because they are strange:
eg. This house gives me the creeps.
startleto frighten someone. Used when you suddenly see someone and did not know they were there, or when you suddenly hear something:
eg. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to startle you.
eg. The noise startled him, and he dropped his glass on the floor.
alarmto make someone feel frightened and worried that something bad might happen:
eg. I didn’t want to alarm her by calling in the middle of the night.
intimidateto deliberately（蓄意) frighten someone, especially so that they will do what you want:
eg. Many of the gangs were using dogs to intimidate people.
exhilarating/ igˈziləreitiŋ /adj.令人兴奋的;令人振奋的;令人高兴的
→exhilarate
to make sb feel very happy and excited 使高兴；使兴奋；使激动
exhilarated （formal）
辨析excited，thrilled，exhilarated，look forward to sth，can't wait to do sth，on the edge of your seat，on tenterhooks，rapturous
excitedfeeling happy, especially about something good that has happened or is going to happen:
eg. He’s excited about his new job.
eg. The kids always get excited on their birthday.
eg. An excited crowd watched their team win 3–0.
eg. When we get home, the dogs are always excited to see us.
eg. Doctors are very excited by the discovery
thrilled/θrɪld/ [not before noun] very excited and pleased:
eg. She was thrilled to hear that you were in London.
eg. I was thrilled when they told me that I’d got a place on the course.
exhilarated/iɡˈziləreitəd, iɡˈziləreitid/ [not before noun] very excited and full of energy, especially because you are experiencing something new or something that involves risks:
eg. She felt exhilarated by her new freedom.
eg.The climb left him feeling exhilarated.
look forward to somethingto feel excited about something good that is going to happen and to think about it a lot:
eg. The kids are looking forward to their vacation – they’ve never been to California before.
eg. She’s really looking forward to meeting him.
can’t wait to do somethingespecially spoken to be very excited about something good that is going to happen:
eg. I can’t wait to see him again.
on the edge of your seatextremely excited and interested when you are watching a film, game etc, because you do not know what is going to happen next:
eg. I was on the edge of my seat throughout the movie.
eg. The game kept fans on the edge of their seats.
on tenterhooks(紧张不安;提心吊胆) /ˈtentəhʊks/ very excited and nervous because you are waiting to find out what has happened:
eg. Don’t keep us on tenterhooks! Did you pass your test?
rapturous[usually before noun] especially written rapturous behaviour shows that a large group of people are extremely excited and pleased:
eg. They received a rapturous welcome.
eg. He came on the stage to rapturous applause (=everyone was clapping and cheering).
have the reputation of doing sth以……而出名
reputation中性词
by reputation
not directly, by hearing what other people say 因知名度；听说
harden travellers
老资格的旅行者
devise ways of doing sth想办法做某事
sb/sth also have the disadvantage of …
……另一个缺点是
have the grave disadvantage of doing…
have the grave drawback that…
nothing can match A for sth
就……而言，A是无与伦比的。
harden travellers
harden没有翻译成坚强的，而是“老资格的”
they also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport.
飞机另一个缺点是昂贵。
直接翻译成“昂贵”不影响理解，还简洁。
but nothing can match them for speed and comfort
for译成“就……而言”无与伦比的跟没什么能跟它相比翻译素养就出来了
For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land.
armchair/ ˈɑːmtʃeə(r); ɑːmˈtʃeə(r) /
a comfortable chair with sides on which you can rest your arms扶手椅：
eg. to sit in an armchair
坐在扶手椅上
adj.（通过阅读或倾听）间接了解的，非亲身经历的/ An armchair critic, fan, or traveller knows about a particular subject from reading or hearing about it rather than from practical experience.
无实际经验的；不切实际的；空谈的to describes a person who knows, or says they know, a lot about a subject without having direct experience of it
eg. an armchair critic /gardener/traveller夸夸其谈的、纸上谈兵的评论家／手不沾泥的园艺家／足不出户的神游旅行者
escapist/iˈskeipist/adj/n.逃避现实的；令人解脱的
a person who habitually seeks escape from unpleasant reality in daydreams or entertainment.
champagne/ ʃæmˈpein / 香槟
sip/sip/小口抿，喝
service
查阅service的含义，有：“公共汽车或火车的)路线，行程车次，班车”这一说法， A bus or train service is a route or regular journey that is part of a transport system. 但是没有飞机啊？
还有一种单复数同形的用法：(高速公路边可加油、购物或用餐的)服务站：
A services is a place beside a motorway where you can buy petrol and other things, or have a meal.
refinement/ riˈfainmənt /n.
(精细的)改进，改善: a small change to sth that improves it
breathtaking
令人兴奋的；激动人心的；壮观的: If you say that something is breathtaking, you are emphasizing that it is extremely beautiful or amazing.
soar/ sɔː(r) / saw的同音词
(数量、价值、水平、规模等)急升，猛涨: If the amount, value, level, or volume of something soars, it quickly increases by a great deal.
effortless/ ˈefətləs/
不费力的;轻松的: Something that is effortless is done easily and well.
(品质)自然的，天生具有的: You use effortless to describe a quality that someone has naturally and does not have to learn.
valley/ ˈvæli / n.注意发音
山谷;（尤指）溪谷 Avalleyis a low stretch of land between hills, especially one that has a river flowing through it.
eg. valley floor 谷底
settle back in /into/ on chair/seat 坐到椅子上
real escapist真正会享受的人
sip champagne 喝香槟
keep you occupied 有事忙着
there is plenty to do 注意plenty不可数
for a few hours you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight.
几小时之内，你躺在扶手椅上，享受着旅途的欢乐。
the real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services .
真正会享受的人还可以在某些航班上看一场电影和喝香槟。
If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain：you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.
extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔ:rdəneri/
1.adj. 非凡的；优秀的；出色的
eg. We've made extraordinary progress as a society in that regard...
2.adj. 非常奇特的；令人惊奇的
eg. Apart from the hair, he looked extraordinarily unchanged...
3.adj.（会议）特别的
eg. ...at an extraordinary meeting of the sport's ruling body...
在体育运动管理机构的特别会议上
stretch
1.N. 一片；一泓；一段 eg. It's a very dangerous stretch of road...
这是一段非常危险的路。
2.N. 一段时间 A stretch of time is a period of time.
He was fluent in French, having spent stretches of time in Southern France.
他曾在法国南部呆过一段时间，法语流利。
3.V. 延伸，绵延 eg. The procession stretched for several miles...
游行队伍长达数英里。
4.V. 伸展，舒展 eg. He yawned and stretched...他打了个呵欠，伸了伸懒腰。
5.V.（使）延续，（使）持续
6.V. （从一个时间）持续（至另一个时间）
eg. ...a working day that stretches from seven in the morning to eight at night.
从早上 7 点持续到晚上 8 点的工作日
7.V. 包括，涉及，囊括
eg. ...a trading empire, with interests that stretched from chemicals to sugar.
从化学制品到食糖均有涉足的贸易帝国
8.V.（把…）拉长；（把…）撑大；（把…）拉细
eg. The cables are designed not to stretch...
该电缆不能拉伸。
9.adj.（织物）有弹性的，有弹力的
eg. ...stretch fabrics such as Lycra.
uncrumpled /ʌn'krʌmpld/adj.衣冠整洁的，精神饱满的
crumple / 'krʌmpə l /v.
1.（使）皱；扭曲
eg. Dan tore the page out, crumpled it, and threw it in the wastepaper basket.
丹把这一页撕下来揉成一团，扔进了废纸篓。
2.〔脸〕皱起来〔似乎要哭〕
3.〔身体不由自主地〕倒下[+ to ]
eg. The blow hit him in the head and he crumpled to the ground.
这一击打中他的头部，他瘫倒在地上。
arduous adj.困难的；艰巨的；费力的
eg. ...a long, hot and arduous journey...
一段漫长、炎热而又艰苦的旅程
stretch out （使）伸直身子躺下；伸出，伸开（身体的某一部分）
eg. If you stretch out a part of your body, you hold it out straight.
prevent from 阻止，制止；妨碍
sth is hidden from view. sth被遮住了。
there is nothing to prevent sb.from sth.，丝毫不妨碍某人做某事。
If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky.
如果这种景色被遮住了，你可以观赏一下展现在你面前的、一望数英里的、连绵不断的云海，同时阳光灿烂，天空清澈明朗。
这里的while作为连接词，表示同时的含义。
同样都是表示同时，when和while的区别：
while经常表示两个可以对比的事情，而when不可以。
eg. While I appreciate this idea, I do not fully agree with it.
在描述过去的事情，when 和while后面经常接过去进行时，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，另外一个事情发生。
eg. Children played games while their parents were sleeping.
When 后面会加一个短时间的动作，如果主句是一个时间比较长的动作；这个时候不能用while。
eg. We were playing games when the lights went off.
而如果从句和主句都是比较长时间的动作，这个时候用while
eg.My parents look after my children at home while I do the shopping.
However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled.
不管你打算如何消磨时间，有件事是可以肯定的，即当你抵达目的地时，你感到精神焕发，毫无倦意。
这里的两个形容词fresh and uncrumpled单独拿出来译。有时候不好译的形容词，可以单独拿出来翻译，使译文通顺，读者也很好理解。
In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. However, this freedom can easily be abused. Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events. Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.
democratic / ˌdeməˈkrætik /
adj.民主的，有民主精神或作风的
1.If we want to live a peaceful and democratic life, we must object to wars.
如果我们要过和平与民主的生活,就必须要反对战争。
常用词组
eg. democratic leader
民主的领导
democratic party
民主党派
restrict/ riˈstrikt /
vt.限制；限定；约束
eg. Membership of the club is restricted to adults.
本俱乐部会员仅限于成年人。
eg. Such information is restricted within military personnel.
这类情报资料仅限于在军事人员内部参阅。
辨析limit，confine，restrict
1.limit:一般指事先确定空间、时间或数量得极限，一旦超越限度，就会造成不良影响。当然也可指不事先规定，而且自然的或固有的界限。
2.confine:侧重于施加不可逾越的限制，有时暗示束缚、囚禁。
3.restrict:指把某人或物限制在一定范围内
eg. on a restricted diet 规定的食谱
a restricted are 禁区
condemn/ kənˈdem /
责备，责难，使处于不利境地
+sb. to sth.（to do sth）
sb be condemned to do被判+结果
rightly
1.for a good reason
正当地；理由充分地
2.in a correct or accurate way
正确地；恰当地；精确地
rightly or wrongly
used to mean that whether something is correct or not, it is a fact 无论对错；不管怎样
eg. Rightly or wrongly, she has been given the post of managing director.
且不要问对错，她反正已经被任命为总经理了。and rightly sospokenGOOD/MORAL
used to say that a decision or action you have just described is fair and morally right, in your opinion:
eg. A lot of people round here were furious, and rightly so.
I can’t rightly say/don’t rightly knowspokenNOT KNOW
used to say that you are not sure whether something is correct or not
abuse
n.滥用；辱骂；虐待；弊端；恶习；陋习
1、There is no freedom that is not open to abuse.
任何自由都可能被滥用。
2、She greeted me with a stream of abuse.
她一见我就吐出一连串的污言秽语。
3、Child abuse is widespread in this country.
这个国家虐待孩子的情况很普遍。
4、The force of public opinion can help check abuses in modern politics.
舆论的力量可以帮助制止现代政治中的弊端。
vt.滥用,妄用;辱骂;毁谤;虐待,伤害
1、He abused his power while in office.
他在职时滥用权力。
2、You are always abusing and offending people.
你总是出言不逊得罪人。
3、Those captives were physically abused.
那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残。
1、read about (=of).....,作“读到........"讲
eg. I read about it all the time on blogs, online magazines and in books.
我用了所有的时间阅读相关的博客、在线杂志和书籍。
2、act on.......,根据........行动。
eg.My idea is that we shall act on his suggestion.
我的意见是我们应当按照他的建议去办。
any efforts to do sth is rightly condemned/appreciated.
……行为理所当然要受谴责/被赞赏。
though we may…it is extremely doubtful whether sb would equally do…但是否同样……，就很难说了
though we may enjoy reading about the lives of stars，it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy being stars ourselves.
acting on the contention that…is sacred，…cause…
一意孤行，结果……
Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others ,it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.
it 是先行主语，替代以whether引导的主语从句
A
