# Week 53

## DAY261

### L53-7: In the public interest

It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.

### 知识点：

#### 单词：

**representative英 /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/ 美 /ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv/**

1.noun

1.1\~(of sb/sth)a person who has been chosen to speak or vote for sb else or on behalf of a group 代表

eg.a representative of the UN

联合国代表

1.2 also informal repa person who works for a company and travels around selling its products

销售代表；销售代理；代销人

eg.She's our representative in France.

她是我们公司驻法国的销售代表。

1.3 Representative (美国)众议院议员

2.adj.

2.1\~(of sb/sth)typical of a particular group of people

典型的；有代表性的

eg.Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly representative of the population as a whole?

由500人参加的问卷调查能真正代表所有民众吗？

2.2 /usually before noun/ containing or including examples of all the different types of people or things in a large group

代表各类人（或事物）的

eg. a representative sample of teachers

2.3\~(of sth)able to be used as a typical example of sth

可作为典型（或示例）的

eg. The painting is not representative of his work of the period.

这幅画不是他在那个时期的代表作。

**severe英 /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ 美 /sɪˈvɪr/**

adj. very bad 非常不好

1.extremely bad or serious 极为恶劣的，十分严重的

eg.His injures are sever.

他的伤很重。

2.\~(on/with sb)punishing sb in an extreme way when they break a particular set of rules

严厉的，中的

eg. The courts ar becoming more severe on young offenders.

法庭对青少年犯罪这的处罚趋于严厉。

not kind不和善

3.not kind or sypathetic and showing disapproval of sb/sth

严厉的，苛刻的

eg. She was a servere woman who seldom smiled.

她是个严肃的女人，脸上很少出现笑容。

4.extremely difficult and requring a lot of skill or ability

艰难的，艰巨的；难度很大的

eg. The marathon is a severe test of stamina.

马拉松赛跑是对耐力的严峻考验。

style/appearance/clothing

风格；外貌；衣着

5.(disapproving)extremely plain and lacking any decoration

过于简朴

eg.Her hair was short and severe.

她的头发不长，也没有花样。

**severly adv.**

1.to a severe or serious degree严厉地

eg.John was severely criticized by the teacher.

教师严厉地批评了约翰。

2.causing great damage or hardship十分严重的；

eg.An aircraft overshot the runway and was severely damaged.

一架飞机冲出了跑道，严重受损。

3.with sternness严肃地

eg.She sat in her chair, peering severely over her glasses.

她坐在椅子上，从眼镜上方严肃地往外窥视。

**lodge 英 /lɒdʒ/ 美 /lɑ:dʒ/**

1.n.门房，旅馆；eg....a Victorian hunting lodge.

维多利亚式狩猎度假屋

2.vt.寄存，借住provide(sb) with a place to sleep or live in for a time

供（某人）以临时住宿处

eg.The refugees are being lodged in an old army camp.

难民暂时安置在一座旧军营里。

3.v. （正式）提出（投诉、抗议、指控、索赔等）

eg. If you lodge a complaint, protest, accusation, or claim, you officially make it.He has four weeks in which to lodge an appeal.

他有4个星期的时间提出上诉。

**prosecute英 /ˈprɒsɪkju:t/ 美 /ˈprɑ:sɪkju:t/**

1.v.\~(sb)(for sth/doing sth) to officailly charge sb with a crime in court bring a criminal charge against sb in a court of lawIf the authorities prosecute someone, they charge them with a crime and put them on trial.

检举、告发某人，对某人提起公诉

eg. The police have decided not to prosecute because the evidence is not strong enough...

由于证据不足，警方已决定不起诉。

2.v. （律师在法庭上）指控，公诉

When a lawyer prosecutes a case, he or she tries to prove that the person who is on trial is guilty.

eg. The attorney who will prosecute the case says he cannot reveal how much money is involved.

将对此案提起公诉的律师说他不能透露具体的涉案金额。

#### 词组：

**check the facts 了解真相**

**lodge against对...提出（控诉）**

**prompt action 及时行动**

**put an end to an unpleasant practice制止了一起不愉快的事件**

#### 句式：

**put an end to**

杜绝;结束，终止;消弭;废止

eg.The time has come to put an end to the conflict

结束冲突的时候到了。

eg.I flatter myself that this campaign will put an end to the war

我自认为这次战役将结束这场战争。

eg. Rationing had put an end to a surfeit of biscuits long ago.

定量供应很久以前就结束了饼干过剩的状况。

**it was only possible for**

只有...才能...

## DAY262

### L54-1: Instinct or cleverness?

We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops. They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears.

### 知识点：

#### 单词：

**wage vi. 进行；发动；从事 n. 工资；代价；报偿**

to be involved in a war against someone, or a fight against something

发动，进行（战争或斗争）

wage war (on sb/sth)

eg.The police are waging war on drug pushers in the city.

警方正在市内开展一场打击毒贩的斗争

**contaminate vt. 污染，弄脏 英 /kən'tæmɪneɪt/ 美 /kən'tæmɪnet/**

1.to make a place or substance dirty or harmful by putting something such as chemicals or poison in it 弄脏，污染eg.Drinking water supplies are believed to have been contaminated.

据信饮用水已受到污染

2.to influence something in a way that has a bad effect

玷污，毒害

**devour v. 吞食；毁灭 英 /dɪ'vaʊə/ 美/dɪ'vaʊɚ/**

1.to eat something quickly because you are very hungry 狼吞虎咽地吃

eg.The boys devoured their pancakes.

男孩子们狼吞虎咽地把薄煎饼吃了。

2.to read something quickly and eagerly, or watch something with great interest

如饥似渴地阅读；津津有味地看

eg.He devoured science fiction books.

他如饥似渴地读科幻小说。

3.be devoured by sth

to be filled with a strong feeling that seems to control you 心中充满（强烈的情感）

eg.Cindy felt devoured by jealousy.

辛迪妒火中烧。

4.literary to destroy someone or something

毁灭，吞噬（某人或某物）

5.to use up all of something 耗尽，用完

eg.a job that devours all my energy

耗尽我全部精力的工作

**sting n. 刺痛；讽刺，刺激；刺毛 vt. 刺；驱使；使…苦恼；使…疼痛**

1./I,T/ if an insect or a plant stings you, it makes a very small hole in your skin and you feel a sharp pain because of a poisonous substance 刺，蜇，叮

eg.He was stung by a bee.

他被蜜蜂蜇了。

2./I,T/ to make something hurt with a sudden sharp pain, or to hurt like this

（使）刺痛，（使）产生（短时间的）剧痛

eg.Chopping onions makes my eyes sting.

切洋葱会让我的眼睛感到刺痛。

3./I,T usually passive,一般用被动态/ if you are stung by a remark, it makes you feel upset

使感到气愤

eg.She had been stung by criticism.

批评使她感到很气愤。

sting sb into (doing) sth

eg.Her harsh words stung him into action.

她严厉的批评刺激他采取了行动。

PHRVB 短语动词

sting sb for sth phr vBrE

to charge someone too much for something

向（某人）索取过高的价钱，在…上敲（某人的）竹杠

eg.The garage stung him for £300.

汽车修理厂敲了他 300 英镑竹杠。

to borrow money from someone 向（某人）借钱

eg.Can I sting you for a fiver?

我能跟你借五英镑吗？

**provocation 英 /,prɒvə'keɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/,prɑvə'keʃən/n. 挑衅；激怒；挑拨 ,**

an action or event that makes someone angry or upset, or is intended to do this

激怒；挑衅；挑衅性事件

without provocation

eg.She claims that Graham attacked her without any provocation.

她声称格雷厄姆无故攻击她。

**dread n. 恐惧；可怕的人（或物） vi. 惧怕；担心**

to feel anxious or worried about something that is going to happen or may happen

畏惧，惧怕；担心

**wasp n. 黄蜂；/昆/ 胡蜂；易怒的人 vi. 黄蜂似的直扑**

A wasp is an insect with wings and yellow and black stripes across its body. Wasps have a painful sting like a bee but do not produce honey. 黄蜂

eg. He was stung by a wasp.

他被黄蜂叮了一下

**moth /mɔθ/n. 蛾；蛀虫**

an insect related to the butterfly that flies mainly at night and is attracted to lights. Some moths eat holes in cloth. 蛾

**dispel /dɪ'spɛl/vt. 驱散，驱逐；消除（烦恼等）**

to make something go away, especially a belief, idea, or feeling

驱散，消除（尤指信仰、观念或感觉）

#### 词组：

**bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕出；（船等）停下**

eg. I was brought up in a remote samll village.

**regard as vt. 把…认作**

eg.He regard her help as deserved.

**do more harm than good 害多益少**

eg. Let her know the truth will do more harm than good.

**wage war on 对……开战**

It was Israel wage war on Palestine.

**beat against 反复在…上拍打, 撞上**

eg.The waves beat against the sea shore.

#### 精妙翻译：

We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.

人类不断地同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。

We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.

在日常生活中，我们不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。

#### 摘要写作：

Through reading about insects, we understand more about them while not dispelling our fears.

## DAY263

### L54-2: Instinct or cleverness?

Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating.

### 知识点：

#### 单词：

**industrious英 /ɪnˈdʌstriəs/ 美 /ɪnˈdʌstriəs/**

adj.(approving) working hard; busy

勤奋的；勤劳的；忙碌的

**revulsion 英 /rɪˈvʌlʃn/ 美 /rɪˈvʌlʃən/**

\=disgust

noun.(formal)a strong feeling of disgust or horror

嫌恶；恶心；惊恐

eg. She felt a deep sense of revulsion at the violence.

她对这一暴行深恶痛绝。

eg.I started to feel a revulsion against their decadent lifestyle.

我对他们那腐朽的生活方式开始感到厌恶。

eg.Most people viewed the bombings with revulsion.

大多数人对爆炸事件表现出惊恐不安。

**horde英 /hɔ:d/ 美 /hɔ:rd/**

n.

游牧部落;一大群

(sometimes disapproving)a large crowd of people

eg. There are always hordes of tourists here in the summer.

夏天这里总有成群结队的游客。

**crawling 英 /'krɔ:lɪŋ/ 美 /'krɔ:lɪŋ/**

1.v. 爬;爬行;匍匐前进 When you crawl, you move forward on your hands and knees.

eg.Don't worry if your baby seems a little reluctant to crawl or walk...

如果你的宝宝不爱爬也不爱走，不要担心。

2.v. (昆虫)爬行 When an insect crawls somewhere, it moves there quite slowly.

eg.I watched the moth crawl up the outside of the lampshade.

我看着飞蛾爬到灯罩外面。

3.v. 缓慢行进;艰难前进

If someone or something crawls somewhere, they move or progress slowly or with great difficulty.

eg.I crawled out of bed at nine-thirty...

我9点半才勉强从床上爬起来。

4.v. 挤满，爬满(人或动物)

If you say that a place is crawling with people or animals, you are emphasizing that it is full of them.

eg.This place is crawling with police.

这个地方全是警察。

5.N-SING 爬泳;自由泳

**uncanny 英 /ʌnˈkæni/ 美 /ʌnˈkæni/**

adj. strange and difficult to explain

异常的，难以解释的

eg.I had an uncanny feeling i was being watched.

我有种被人监视的奇怪感觉。

eg. It was uncanny reall, almost as if she knew what I was thinking

真是不可思议，她好像知道我在想什么似的。

**sting 英 /stɪŋ/ 美 /stɪŋ/**

第三人称单数： stings 复数： stings 现在分词： stinging 过去式： stung 过去分词： stung

v.

1.(of an insect or plant 昆虫或植物) to touch your skin or make a very small hole in it so that you fell a sharp pain刺，蜇，叮

eg.I was stung o the arm by a wasp.

我的胳膊给黄蜂蜇了一下。

eg.Be careful of the nettles-they sting!

小心给荨qian麻扎着——荨麻有刺！

2.to feel, or to make sb feel, a sharp pain in a part of their body

（使）感到刺痛，感到灼痛

eg.I put some antiseptic on the cut and it stung for a moment.

我在割破的地方抹了点抗菌挤，一时间十分刺痛。

eg.My eyes were stinging from the smoke.

烟熏得我眼睛疼。

eg.Tears stung her eyes.

她流泪流得眼睛疼。

3.\~sb(to/into sth) or \~sb(into doing sth)

to make sb feel angry or upset激怒；使不安

eg.He was stung by their criticism.

他们的批评使他心烦意乱。

eg.Their cruel remarks stung her into action.

他们伤人得话激怒了她，使她不得不采取行动。

4./often passive/\~sb(for sth)

(informal) to charge sb more money than they expected;to charge sb who did not expect to pay

对（某人）敲竹杠；敲诈；欺诈

eg.I got stung for a $100 meal.

我挨宰了，一顿饭吃了100美元。

**erase 英 /ɪˈreɪz/ 美 /ɪˈreɪs/**

v.1.\~sth(from sth)

to remove sth completely 清楚；消除；消灭

eg.She tried to erase the memory of that evening.

她试图忘却那个晚上的事。

eg.All doubts were suddenly erased from his mind.

他心中所有的疑虑突然烟消云散了。

2.to make a mark or sth you have written disappear, for example by rubbing it, especially in order to correct it.

擦掉，抹掉（笔迹等）

eg. He had erased the wrong word.

他擦去了写错得字。

eg.All the phone numbers had been erased.

所有的电话号码都被抹掉了。

3.to remove a recording from a tape or information from a computer's memory

抹去，清洗（磁带上的录音或存储器中的信息）

eg.Parts of the recording have been erased.

部分录音已被抹掉。

**strangely 英 /ˈstreɪndʒli/ 美 /ˈstrendʒlɪ/**

adv. in an unusual or surprising way

异常地；奇怪地；不可思议地

eg.The house was strangely quite.

房子里静得出奇。

**fascinate 英 /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ 美 /ˈfæsəˌnet/**

v. to attract or interest sb very much 深深吸引；迷住

eg. It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy.

这是他自幼就着迷得问题。

#### 词组：

**prevent sb from doing sth**

阻止某人做某事

**no matter**

不管; 不论;不介意; 不要

#### 句式：

do nothing to do sth

语气更重not do anything to do sth在某方面根本没用

have a horror of being

\=be afraid/scared/frightened of

## DAY264

### L54-3: Instinct or cleverness?

We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree.

### 知识点：

#### 单词：

**praying mantis 螳螂**

**entrance 英 /ˈentrəns/ 美 /ˈentrəns/**

第三人称单数： entrances 复数： entrances 现在分词： entrancing 过去式： entranced 过去分词： entranced

door/gate

1.a door, gate,passage 大门（口）；入口

going in 进入

2.the act of entering a room, building or place, expecially in a way that attracts the attention of other people

进入；出场；登场

eg.His sudden entrance took everyone by surprise.

他的突然出场使所有人都感到意外。

eg.She made her entrace after all the other guests had arrived.

她在其他所有客人都到达后才入场。

3.the right or opportunity to enter a building or place进入权；进入机会

eg. an entrance fee入场费

becoming involved 卷入

4.the fact of becoming involved in sth.卷入，参与

eg. The company made a dramatic entrance into the export market.

这家公司戏剧性地打入了出口市场。

to club/instruction俱乐部；机构

5.permission to become a memeber of a club, society, university, etc.

（俱乐部、社团、大学等得）准许加入，进入许可

eg. a university entrance exam

大学入学考试

v.

/usually passive/ (formal) to make sb feel great pleasure and admiration so that they give sb/sth all their attention使狂喜；使入迷

eg.He listened to her, entranced.

他听她讲话听得出了神。

**awe 英 /ɔ:/ 美 /ɔ/**

NOUN

feelings of respect and slight fear;feelings of being very impressed by sth/sb

敬畏；惊叹

eg.awe and respect 敬畏和尊敬

eg."It's magnificent,"she whispered in awe.

“真是壮观。”她小声地惊叹道。

**triumphantly 英 /traɪ'ʌmfəntlɪ/ 美 /traɪ'ʌmfəntlɪ/**

adv.胜利;耀武扬威地，得意扬扬地

#### 词组：

**unaware of 没觉察到，没有意识到**

**stand in awe 肃然起敬**

**at the sight of 目睹**

## DAY265

### L54-4: Instinct or cleverness?

The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. During the summer, I noticed tat the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tin insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.

### 知识点：

#### 单词：

**shelter 英 /ˈʃeltə(r)/ 美 /ˈʃɛltɚ/**

noun.protection from rain, danger or attack

遮蔽；庇护，庇护所

eg. People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire.

人们拼命地找地方躲避炮火。

eg. an animal shelter 动物收容处

**luscious 英 /ˈlʌʃəs/ 美 /ˈlʌʃəs/**

adj.1.having a strong pleasant taste

美味的，甘美得；可口得

eg. luscious fruit香甜得水果

2.(of cloth, colours or music织物、颜色或音乐) soft and deep or heavy in a way that is pleasing to feel, look at or hear

柔软的；柔和的；绚丽的；悦耳的

eg. luscious silks and velvets

柔软光滑的丝绸和天鹅绒

3.(especially of a woman 尤指女人)sexually attractive 肉感的；性感的

eg. a luscious young girl

性感的年轻女郎

**wither 英 /ˈwɪðə(r)/ 美 /ˈwɪðɚ/**

v.

1.if a plant withers or sth withers it, it dries up and dies

（使）枯萎，凋谢

eg. The grass had withered in the warm sun.

这些草在温暖得阳光下枯死了。

2.to become less or weaker, especially before disappearing completely

萎缩；（尤指渐渐）破灭，消失

eg.All our hopes just withered away.

我们所有的希望都渐渐破灭了。

**cluster 英 /ˈklʌstə(r)/ 美 /ˈklʌstɚ/**

noun

1.a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close together

（同类物丛生或聚集的）簇、团、束，串

eg.The plant bears its flowers in clusters.

这种植物开花成簇。

2.a group of people, animals or things close together

(人或动物的）群、团、组

eg.a cluster of spectators

一群旁观者

**aphid 英 /ˈeɪfɪd/ 美 /ˈefɪd, ˈæfɪd/**

noun /昆/蚜虫

#### 词组：

**on a sheltered side of 有遮挡得一面**

**severe winter 严峻得冬天**

#### 句式：

be to do sth（fml）

打算；命令；能够；应该
