# Week 11

## DAY 51

### L13-3："It's only me”

She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered.

#### 知识点：

**单词：**

**hide (hid hidden) vt. & vi. 隐藏vt. 隐瞒, 掩盖n. 兽皮, 皮革**

* （口）人的皮肤used to refer to a person's ability to withstand criticisms or insults脸皮（用于指人有忍受批评或侮辱的能力）
  * eg. ‘I'm sorry I called you a pig.’ ‘My hide's thick enough; it didn't bother me.’.“很抱歉我叫你猪了。”“我脸皮够厚；不要紧。”。
  * eg. You'd better save your hide.你还是不受皮肉之苦为好。
* （口）生命
  * eg. He is only worried about his own hide. 他只担心自己的安全。
* cattle hide 牛皮
* hide and seek 藏猫猫&#x20;
* hide away 隐藏 &#x20;
* hide from 把…藏起来不让…发现；躲避…&#x20;
* hide rope 皮带,皮绳

**frighten/'fraɪtn/vt. & vi. (使)惊恐vt. 吓唬**

* frighten nearby enemy 威慑附近敌人
* **fright** (frighted, frighting, frights) n. 惊恐, 惊吓 吓死了
  * fright突如其来的惊吓、恐怖，指对刚刚发生或正在发生的事情的反应（week8/L10-4内容）
  * be pale with fright 吓的面无人色&#x20;
  * competition fright 怯场
  * get (或 have) a fright    受惊，大吃一惊&#x20;
  * give someone a fright    使某人大吃一惊&#x20;
  * take fright at something    因某事而吃惊

**stroeroom/ˈstɔ:ru:m/ n. 贮藏室;商品陈列室**

* Storeroom Keeper仓管员/Storeroom Assistant仓储助理；仓务助理；店铺仓务助理/storeroom clerk仓库记帐员 /Storeroom Helper店铺助理&#x20;
* freeze storeroom冷冻库房

**footstep n. 脚步声；脚步；足迹**

a footstep away. 一步之遥 hurried footstep匆忙的脚步 former footstep旧日的足迹 stopped footstep止住脚步 **follow (或 tread) in someone's footsteps**步某人后尘；走某人走过的路；继承事业 do as another person did before, especially in making a journey or following a particular career

**词组：**

**come straight in直接进来**

(come in directly, walk right in )

* straight做adv强调
* go straight ahead一直往前走
* go straight改邪归正，重新做人
* straight As 全优成绩
* set sb straight改正，指正sb的错误

  **never fail to do从未做不到；从未失败**

  双重否定表示肯定

**句式：**

**leave sth sp.**

leave the bread on the kitchen table把面包放在厨房的桌上

**长难句、语法：**

**She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. 她曾经告诉过面包师，如果她不去开门，他可以直接进门，把面包放在厨房的桌上。**

* if 引导的条件状语从句；fail to do sth没能做到某事，to open 和 to leave 用 and 连接，但并不是并列动作，to leave 与从句前的to come straight 是并列动作，理解和翻译时要注意。
* if ever的ever 表示强调，可以翻译成“任何时候”=when ever
  * eg. If ever you see George give him my best regards.
  * eg.When ever he is in trouble I'll be on the spot.&#x20;

**Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs.理查兹夫人不想吓唬这个可怜人，便赶紧躲到了楼梯下得小储藏室里。**

* Not wanting分词的否定结构形式，做原因状语。多用于句首，也可以插入句中，主谓之间
  * eg. Not wanting to make her nervous, the doctor didn't fully explain the seriousness of her condition.

    \= The doctor, not wanting to make her nervous, didn't fully explain the seriousness of her condition.&#x20;

**精妙翻译：**

**She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave bread on the kitchen table.**

* 她曾告诉过面包师，如果她不去开门，他可直接进门，把面包放在厨房的桌上。

**She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall.**

* 她听见前门被打开，走廊里响起了重重的脚步声。（open翻译出被动，很符合中文使用习惯；heavy footsteps补出了动作，响起了，很符合语境。）

## DAY52

#### L13-4："It's only me”

Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the metre. She tried to explain the situation, saying 'It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.

#### 知识点：

**单词：**

**英metre/美meter  英 / 'miːtə/  美 /ˋmitɚ  /**

* n. 计量器；计价器
  * eg. A man came to read the electricity meter .有个男的来抄电表。
  * eg. The taxi driver left the meter running while I ran in to pick up my bags.我跑进去拿行李时，出租车司机让计价器继续走字。
  * eg. water/gas/electricity meter 水表/煤气表/电表
* n. a machine that measures the level of something 计；表
  * eg. sound-level/light etc meter 噪声计/光度计等
* n. ( also 又作 parking meter ) a machine which you put money into when you park your car next to it 停车收费表

**pace/peis/**

* n.
  * 1.单数名词，速度，节奏；步速
  * 2.可数名词，步幅
* vt.\&vi. （由于焦虑或不耐烦而）在…踱步If you pace a small area, you keep walking up and down it, because you are anxious or impatient
* pace yourself 放稳步调
* keep pace （with…）与……步调一致
* set the pace奠定基调，树立榜样
* at one’s own pace以适合自己的节奏
* put sb through one’s paces考查……的能力、展现……的才能
  * eg. The British coach is putting the boxers through their paces...英国教练正在检验拳手们的能力。
* living pace生活节奏
* at a snail’s pace慢吞吞，缓慢地

**flee/fli:/（fled/fled/）**

* to leave a person or place very quickly, especially because you are afraid of possible danger迅速离开；(尤指害怕有危险而)逃避，逃跑
* flee（from）sb/sth&#x20;
* flee to/into sp
* flee the country逃出国=fly the country

  > **辨析excape, flee, get away, break free/away, run away, break out, get out, abscond各种逃** **escape**仅vi，强调“摆脱局限和束缚”，暗示能安然逃出的结果，可以用于引申 **flee**（书）可vt\&vi，指逃的行为，着重逃跑的动作，强调逃走的急速和仓促，但不着重是否逃得出来
  >
  > * eg. He fled (from) the burning house. 他从燃烧的房子逃出。
  > * eg. Many people were forced to flee the country.
  >
  >   **run away**仅指逃走的行为，有时可跟escape互相替用
  >
  >   **get away**不如escape正式，尤指彻底逃脱，不会再被抓了
  >
  >   **break free/away**to escape from someone who is holding you
  > * eg. She broke free and started running.
  >
  >   get out: to escape from a building or room
  > * eg. I was locked in the room and couldn’t get out.
  >
  >   **break out**to escape from prison
  >
  >   **abscond**/əbˈskɔnd/formal 逃走，携款潜逃
  >
  >   to escape from a prison or institution where you are supposed to stay

**slam   / slæm/  v.**

(slammed , slamming )

* 听觉效果词，（把…）砰地关上
* SYN bang
  * eg. We heard a car door slam.我们听到有车门砰的一声关上了。
* slam sth shut使劲关上sth
  * slam the window shut使劲关上窗=shut a window with a slam
* grand slam大满贯
* slam on the brakes猛踩刹车
* slam/shut the door in sb’s face
  * to close a door hard when someone is trying to come in 砰的一声把某人关在门外，让某人吃闭门羹
  * to rudely refuse to meet someone or talk to them （粗鲁地）拒绝见某人，拒绝与某人谈话，拒绝透露信息
* **摔，猛地放下**

slam sth down/against/onto

* eg. Henry slammed the phone down angrily.亨利气呼呼地摔下电话。
  * **猛打，猛击，猛撞**

**slam into/against** etc（使）重重撞上

* eg. All 155 passengers died instantly when the plane slammed into the mountain.飞机一头撞到山上，155 名乘客顷刻间全部丧生。
  * **猛烈抨击**(尤用于报纸上)

    SYN slate
* eg. Local media slammed plans to build a prison in the area.当地媒体猛烈抨击要在该地区建一座监狱的计划。
  * slam sb for sth
* eg. The council was slammed for its unfair selection procedure.委员会因其不公正的选拔程序而受到猛烈抨击。

**词组：**

**electricity board 供电局，电力管理局，电流板**

school board校董会

**read the meter 查电表**

**let out a cry 大叫了一声，表达此意时，通常用一般时态**

* 表达发出（声音）的意思时语域通常是written写作中，主语是人
* 主语如果是声音，表达声音泄出来用escape
  * let out a secret泄密
  * let out a yell欢呼声
  * let out a sigh叹口气
  * let out a groan呻吟声
* ＝utter/give a cry
* **let out** v. 放出；泄露；出租；结束；散会；下课；使某人解脱；发出（叫声等）
* **let-out**（BrE，informal）漏洞，逃脱的机会，出路

**jumped back several paces  后退了好几步**

* take one's paces forward 向前几步

**walk toward  走向**

**slam the door v. 摒弃；关门；拒绝**

**长难句、语法：**

**Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had to come to read the meter.**

* 本句中有两个从句，第一个是that 引导的宾语从句，第二个是who引导的定语从句，修饰the man 。

**She tried to explain the situation , saying 'It's only me', but it was too late.**

她说了声“是我，别怕！”然后想进行一番解释，但已来不及了。

* saying...只是现在分词短语作方式状语，并不意味着是现在时，与前后文的tried和was的过去时不冲突，整句还是过去式时态。 后文也有slamming the door behind him 也只是现在分词作伴随状语不代表时态，只是为了说明fled的情况

**When Mrs. Richards walked towards him , he fled , slamming the door behind him .**

* when引导时间状语从句；slamming 为非谓语动词作状语。

**精妙翻译：**

**She tried to explain the situation , saying 'It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him , he fled , slamming the door behind him .**

* 她说了声“是我，别怕！”然后想进行一番解释，但已经来不及了。那人大叫了一声，惊退了几步。理查兹夫人朝他走去，只见他“砰”的一声关上门逃走了。（这一系列的动作描述翻译的特别精彩，画面感很强。）

**When Mrs Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.**

**翻译**：理查兹夫人朝他走去，**只见他“砰”的一声**关上门逃走了。

* **只见他“砰”的一声**翻译地很形象，画面立马呈现在眼前了；而且调整了中文的语序，先翻译出伴随状语关于摔门的描述，再强调逃走了的动作。

## DAY 53

### L14-1：A noble gangster

There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime.

#### 知识点：

**单词：**

**noble/'nəʊb(ə)l/**

adj.崇高的，品质高尚的，宏伟的，壮丽的 n.出身高贵的人，贵族成员

* noble man贵族（有头衔）
* lord泛指有贵族头衔的（不区分头衔）；土地主，房主，房东

**sir**

* 泛指(用于爵士或准男爵的姓名前)爵士 Sir is the title used in front of the name of a knight骑士 or baronet/ˈbærənət/&#x20;
* sir表示爵士，可以出现全名，但如果不是全名，只可以加名，不可加姓氏，只能带first name

  James Wilson Sir James（√）Sir Wilson（×）
* Duke公爵Marquis侯爵Earl伯爵Viscount/ˈvaikaunt/子爵Knight（古）骑士，现代赠与科学家

**gangster/'ɡæŋstə(r)/n.歹徒，匪徒，土匪**

* gangster films警匪片
* kidnapper绑匪
* burglar夜贼
  * burglar alarm
* a gang of
  * a nest of
  * a band of
  * a pack of+人 贬义

    **promptly/ˈprɔmptli/强调及时**
* immediately强调2个之间时间间隔短
* punctually守时的
* instantly=immediately但immediately口语中运用更多

  **crime n.犯罪**
* 日常生活中，可以表达夸张的情绪
  * Eg. It would be a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day. 这么好的天，待在家里简直是犯罪啊！
  * Eg. It’s no crime to have mispronounced a word. 读错一个单词没有什么大不了的（it’s no crime to…）。

    对这句话的回答Words will make a world.没有单词，怎么来成就世界。

    犯罪 commit a crime&#x20;

**词组：**

**a noble gangster 逻辑上是反义词修辞上叫“对顶修饰”**

* a true lie （电影）《真实的谎言》
* a living death 虽生犹死
* a dead living 虽死犹生
  * eg. Parting is such sweet sorrow. 莎翁《罗密欧与朱丽叶》分离是甜蜜的忧伤

**in return for 以报答，回顾，通常指被看做有同等价值或同等意义上的回报/交换**

* Eg. I didn’t expect anything in return for my help, expect your good result. 我除了大家的好成绩以外，不期待其他任何回报。

  **put … out of business 使停业/失败/垮台**

  * Put a man out of patience 使人发火
  * Put sb out of his work 使人失业
  * Put sth out of service 坏了

**句式：**

**there was a time when …曾经有段时间…**

* eg. There was a time when I hated studying English. 曾经有段时间，我痛恨学英语。

**长难句、语法：**

**If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.**

* 是由if引导的条件状语，需要与虚拟语气区分开来，因为虚拟语气没有一种情况是用was

**there was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.'**

* time在从句中是时间状语时才可以用when
* 如果在从句中做宾语，只能用that或者which
  * eg. Can you suggest a time（when/at which）it will be convenient for both of us to meet?
  * eg. That’s the time（which）she’s found to be convenient for both of us to meet.

**精妙翻译：**

**If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime.**

如果交款不及时，歹徒们就会很快捣乱他的商店，让他破产。榨取保护金并不是一种现代的罪恶行径。

## DAY54

### L14-2：A noble gangster

As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters. Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.

#### 知识点：

**单词：**

**band 这里的一群是有贬义的，注意量词自带的感情色彩**

**remarkable/riˈmɑːkəbl/**

* be remarkable for 在某方面显著

**词组：**

**as long ago as 早在多久以前=As early as**

* Eg. As long ago as I was in my middle school, I head quite a lot about him.(久闻大名，如雷贯耳)早在我中学的时候，就久闻他的大名。
* As late as 直到…才
  * Eg. I waited and waited until as late as 9:00 o’clock he came. 我等呀等呀，直到9点（这么晚）他才来。

**would rather do than do （比较后者，宁愿选前者）宁愿…也不愿**

* than 前后语法结构一致
  * Eg. A brave man would rather **die** on foot than **live** on knees. 勇敢的人宁死不屈。

**make a name for oneself使自己成名**

* 多用于口语
  * eg. He has made a name for himself by his broadcast talks.他的广播谈话使他出了名。

**come to be known渐渐被知晓/称作**

* 译成汉语时不一定译出来

**语法:**

**would rather/sooner +不带to的不定式**

* 表个人的选择或谈论他人的选择，可以指现在或过去
* 否定回答时，可以将不定式省略
  * eg. Are you coming with us？I’d rather not. 我不想去。

**Would rather/sooner that 从句（+ did/were过去时指现在或将来/had done过去完成指过去）**

宁愿……

* 虚拟语气，抒发对现实状况的不满，发牢骚（该事其实无法实现）
  * Eg. 我现在要是不在这里该多好啊！（我宁愿不在这里）I would rather that I weren’t here now.&#x20;
  * Eg. 我宁愿不认识你。I would sooner that I didn’t know you.&#x20;

## DAY55

### L14-3：A noble gangster

Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way.

#### 知识点：

**单词：**

**city-staten.（古代）城都**

**hire v.租出，雇佣（a very short time）**

* hire sth from sb
* on hire purchase分期付款
* rent租借（for a long time）
  * rent sth from sb向sb租借sth
  * rent sth out（to sb）租sth给sb
* employ正式表达
* hire sb（短期，临时）雇佣
  * take sb on雇用

**prince n.君主，诸侯**

prince charm白马王子

**march v./n. 行军**

eg. 二万五千里长征25,000 Li Long-March

**词组：**

**pay the high price 出价高**

* 直接形容物品贵贱：expensive/cheap
* 价格高与低：high price/ low price
* 彩礼，聘礼 bride price
* 不惜任何代价 at any cost/at any price

**be at war with…与……战争状态**

**offter to do sth答应做sth（非正式）**

**in times of peace 在和平时期**

* in times of war 在战争年代
* **表年代，时代的词**
  * Times 表示时代，时期
  * Era 特定年代，时代。有时代特征（君主立宪制国家，统治者的在位时期）
  * Age 多出现在专业术语
    * Eg. The Last Ice Age 最后的冰河时代
    * Eg. We live in e-age. 我们生活在电子时代
  * Epoch 英/ˈi:pɒk/；美/ˈepək/ 有重大历史事件发生的时代
    * Eg. Epoch-making划时代的

**句式：**

…in this way用这种方法/方式 口语中可以省略in eg. I did it (in) the same way he had done it. 但若要强调此方式状语，放句首不可以省略in
