# Advanced Week 151

![](https://github.com/scalers/100-hour-interpretation/tree/7e35b98596160f8b2fb4a927450388016110a9f1/assets/emerging-markets-%C2%A9-Marina-Putilova--680x0-c-default.jpg)

### 写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk 口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk 交传小组”，成立于 2015 年 2 月，现阶段，小组继续专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，从而为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。96 周起，小组全面引入 CATTI 新版二口教材的训练，时间为每天晚上 8 点到 9 点，训练期间播放录音、记笔记，在空白处按暂停键后做口译，用 QQ 发群语音，然后对照文档，查找漏译和错译的部分，标出口译时较为困难的词汇和表达，随时发到群里；每天早上 6 点到 7 点训练复述及同声传译。

### 本周复盘说明

第 151 周训练为同声传译和复述。本日志整理的是复述材料What Is What Is an Emerging Market的部分内容。

## 第 151 周——复述材料知识点整理

### 段落一

What does Indonesia have in common with countries like India, Brazil and Russia? They’re all classified as emerging markets. It’s a term that originated in the 1980s and has stuck around since then. Two of the most important reasons why? Well, these countries are crucial when it comes to driving global economic growth. And their financial markets can be goldmines for investors, especially those with an appetite for higher risk.

#### 短语词组

* stick around: to stay in a place a little longer, waiting for something to happen
* be classified as ...: 被归为……类别
* drive global economic growth: 推动全球经济增长
* goldmine: (informal) a business or activity that produces large profits
* somebody with an appetite for higher risk: 喜欢高风险的人

### 段落二

So what makes an emerging market today? And why do investors have such a love-hate relationship with them? The term “emerging markets” was coined by a World Bank employee Antoine van Agtmael. The finance arm of the World Bank wanted to get more foreign investment into third-world countries, but didn’t think the term “third world” really inspired investors. To make it sound more attractive, van Agtmael coined the term “emerging markets.”But if you want a definitive list of emerging markets, good luck. The list varies depending on who you ask. The IMF classifies 96 countries as emerging.

#### 短语词组

* have a love-hate relationship with sth: 对……又爱又恨
* coin: v. to invent a new word or expression, especially one that many people start to use
* arm: \[C] a part of a large group that is responsible for a particular type of activity
* definitive: adj. \[usually before noun] a definitive book, description etc is considered to be the best and cannot be improved
* sth varies depending on ...: 取决于……

### 段落三

Of these 18 outperformers, seven exceeded annual per capita GDP growth of 3.5 percent for a 50-year period. They include China, South Korea and Indonesia. The other 11, which include India, Ethiopia and Cambodia, have enjoyed more recent gains, growing at about five percent or higher over the past 20 years. That’s 3.5 percentage points above the U.S., and enough to lift themselves into a new income bracket for countries. That growth comes with a lot of risk. And that brings us to our next characteristic, high volatility. And if you need an example of volatility, just look at this. The MSCI index, which shows total returns, shows emerging markets had been doing pretty well, until January 2018, when things began to sour. We’ve seen their currencies fall to historic lows against the U.S. dollar. That’s bad news for countries trying to pay off their debt.

#### 短语词组

* outperformer: sb who is more successful than someone or something else
* enjoy more recent gains: (economy, etc.) grow recently
*   lift a country into a new income bracket:

    income bracket: a particular income range
* sth comes with a lot of risk: 某事伴随着许多风险
*   volatility: volatile的名词

    volatile: adj. a volatile situation is likely to change suddenly and without warning
* sour: if a relationship or someone’s attitude sours, or if something sours it, it becomes unfriendly or unfavourable
* currencies fall to historic lows against the U.S. dollar: 货币对美元的汇率降至历史新低
* pay off their debt: 清偿债务

### 段落四

It’s a problem because a lot of that debt is held in foreign currencies, particularly in the strengthening U.S. dollar. That makes paying off debts an uphill battle. Not ideal when emerging markets have seen their total debt rise from $21 trillion in 2007 to $63 trillion in 2017.Emerging markets crises are worrying, because they affect multiple countries and tend to work in a vicious cycle. First, the currency falls rapidly. Countries then struggle to raise funds due to their less mature capital markets and investors flee. This affects the country’s assets and currency, and can sometimes damage the country’s banking system and even the economy. It’s important to note that an emerging market’s status can come and go. That could mean a step up as a developed nation, or a step back as a frontier nation. Despite all the uncertainty, one thing is for sure, investors will continue to watch emerging markets closely, as the countries continue to expand their role in the global economy.

#### 短语词组

* debt is held in foreign currencies: 债务以外币形式持有
* the strengthening U.S. dollar: 坚挺的美元
* make sth an uphill battle: 使……变得艰难
* work in a vicious cycle: 恶性循环
* investors flee: 投资者撤离
* ... status can come and go: used to describe a volatile situation&#x20;
* That could mean a step up as ..., or a step back as ...: used to describe a volatile situation changing between opposite ends of the spectrum
* frontier market: a type of developing country which is more developed than the least developing countries, but too small, risky, or illiquid to be generally considered an emerging market.
* expand their role in the global economy: increase their influence in the global economy
