# Advanced 68-69

### 写在前面的话

"ScalersTalk口译进阶小组"的前身是"ScalersTalk交传小组"，该小组成立于2015年2月。现阶段，小组专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。

### 本周复盘说明

第68&69周英译汉的练习材料是美国前国务卿John Kerry的演讲在第22届联合国气候变化大会上的演讲（文字网址：[http://t.cn/RaIeHO6），时间是去年12月，地点是摩洛哥城市马拉喀什。小组成员利用该材料练习了交替传译、同声传译和限时视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。自62周起，小组开始练习汉英限时视译，研究减字和简化方法、讨论英文表达。第68&69周汉译英练习的内容为中华人民共和国总理李克强在年度中国发展高层论坛上的主旨演讲。本日志整理第68&69周练习的英译汉部分，以及汉英限时视译的重点、难点段落。](http://t.cn/RaIeHO6%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8C%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E6%98%AF%E5%8E%BB%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%88%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%B0%E7%82%B9%E6%98%AF%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E3%80%82%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%A5%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E4%BA%86%E4%BA%A4%E6%9B%BF%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%91%E3%80%81%E5%90%8C%E5%A3%B0%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%91%E5%92%8C%E9%99%90%E6%97%B6%E8%A7%86%E8%AF%91%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B6%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%8E%9F%E6%96%87%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E3%80%81%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%A5%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%A5%E5%BC%8F%E3%80%82%E8%87%AA62%E5%91%A8%E8%B5%B7%EF%BC%8C%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%84%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E6%B1%89%E8%8B%B1%E9%99%90%E6%97%B6%E8%A7%86%E8%AF%91%EF%BC%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%87%8F%E5%AD%97%E5%92%8C%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E3%80%81%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E3%80%82%E7%AC%AC68&69%E5%91%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%91%E8%8B%B1%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86%E6%9D%8E%E5%85%8B%E5%BC%BA%E5%9C%A8%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%82%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E6%97%A8%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%B2%E3%80%82%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86%E7%AC%AC68&69%E5%91%A8%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%91%E6%B1%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%8B%B1%E9%99%90%E6%97%B6%E8%A7%86%E8%AF%91%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E3%80%81%E9%9A%BE%E7%82%B9%E6%AE%B5%E8%90%BD%E3%80%82)

## 第68&69周英译汉--同传练习知识点整理

### 段落一

I also thank our international partners, and particularly the executive secretary of the UNFCCC, Patricia Espinosa; the outgoing president of the COP, Minister Segolene Royal of France; and the incoming COP president, my friend and our host this week, Minister Salaheddine Mezouar, the foreign minister of Morocco. And I also want to thank our partners from Fiji, who will serve as president for the next COP, which I intend hopefully to attend as Citizen Kerry. It's a great pleasure for me to be able to be here in Marrakech. I'm reminded of one of the 20th century's most outsized figures whose connection with this city is so famous - Sir Winston Churchill. He loved to paint the landscapes here and to absorb the beauty and the culture.

#### 参考译文

我也要感谢我们的国际合作伙伴，特别是UNFCCC执行秘书帕特里西亚·埃斯皮诺萨，即将卸任的COP主席塞格琳·罗雅尔部长，即将到任的COP主席，我的朋友兼本周的主持人，迈祖尔部长，他是摩洛哥的外长。我还要感谢来自斐济的伙伴们，他们将会成为下届COP的主席。我希望能以公民的身份参加下届COP。 很高兴能来马拉喀什。我还记得20世纪的一位重量级人物，他与这座城市的联系广为人知--温斯顿·邱吉尔。他热爱描绘这里的风景，也汲取着这里的美与文化。

#### 解析

* 背景知识：

  > * UNFCCC：《联合国气候变化框架公约》（United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change，简称《框架公约》，英文缩写UNFCCC) 是1992年5月9日联合国政府间谈判委员会就气候变化问题达成的公约，于1992年6月4日在巴西里约热内卢举行的联合国环发大会（地球首脑会议）上通过。《联合国气候变化框架公约》是世界上第一个为全面控制二氧化碳等温室气体排放，以应对全球气候变暖给人类经济和社会带来不利影响的国际公约，也是国际社会在对付全球气候变化问题上进行国际合作的一个基本框架。（来源：百度百科 [http://t.cn/RaMbD7a）](http://t.cn/RaMbD7a%EF%BC%89)
  > * COP：1995年起，该公约缔约方每年召开缔约方会议（Conferences of the Parties，COP）以评估应对气候变化的进展。
  > * 本次会议是2016年摩洛哥气候变化大会即COP22
  > * 《巴黎协定》为2020年后全球应对气候变化行动作出安排。一些国家领导人和国际机构高官发表讲话或声明，对这一协定诞生表示欢迎。（来源：百度百科 [http://t.cn/RaMXRm6），在本次会议开始前《巴黎协定》正式生效。](http://t.cn/RaMXRm6%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A8%E6%9C%AC%E6%AC%A1%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E5%89%8D%E3%80%8A%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A%E3%80%8B%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E7%94%9F%E6%95%88%E3%80%82)
* "the outgoing president of the COP"与"the incoming COP president"互为反义，分别译作"即将卸任的COP主席"与"即将到任的COP主席"
* "And I also want to thank our partners from Fiji, who will serve as president for the next COP, which I intend hopefully to attend as Citizen Kerry"一句可分译成三句话，最后的"Citizen Kerry"只需要译"Citizen"即可，同时为保证句子完整性，需重复前一句的"the next COP"。整句译作"我还要感谢来自斐济的伙伴们，他们将会成为下届COP的主席。我希望能以公民的身份参加下届COP"。

### 段落二

So I think it's fitting, therefore, that almost three-quarters of a century later, friends and allies meet again in Marrakech in order to undertake a very important discussion - a discussion about the natural world that surrounds us and the importance of preserving it for generations to come. As Jonathan mentioned, climate change is deeply personal to me, but it's personal to everyone in this room.

#### 参考译文

我认为这很合适。近3/4个世纪之后朋友们再一次相聚在马拉喀什，讨论自然界和保护它的重要性，以造福子孙后代。正如乔纳森所说，气候变化关乎着我个人，也关乎着每个人。

#### 解析

* it's fitting 这很合适/恰当。视译需要顺着译，因而此句直接了当地译出来，不像笔译按中文行文特点一般放在句末；或者干脆省略不译。
* three-quarters of a century  3/4个世纪，即75年，但更推荐第一种的直译，处理时语义准确且简单顺畅。
* "friends and allies meet again in Marrakech in order to undertake a very important discussion - a discussion about the natural world that surrounds us and the importance of preserving it for generations to come"本句可注意两个地方，其一是"friends and allies"视译时择其一而译即可；其二是"in order to undertake a very important discussion- a discussion about…"有两种处理方式

  > * 由前往后顺译，即"为了参加一次重要的讨论，主题是……"
  > * 省译"in order to undertake a very important discussion - a"，然后将后一个"discussion"名词改动词，译作"讨论"，整个句子译为"讨论自然界和保护它的重要性，以造福子孙后代"
* be personal to sb. 关乎某人；（深深地）影响着某人；对某人很重要

### 段落三

And finally, it enables us to ratchet up ambition over time as technology develops and as the price of clean energy comes down. This is critical: the agreement calls on the parties to revisit their national pledges every five years, in order to ensure that we keep pace with the technology and that we accelerate the global transition to a clean energy economy. This process - a cornerstone of our agreement - gives us a framework that is built to last, and a degree of global accountability that has never before existed. But I want to share with you that the progress that we've made this year goes well beyond Paris. In early October, the International Civil Aviation Organization established a sector-wide agreement for carbon-neutral growth.

#### 参考译文

最后，这使得我们越来越具雄心。技术发展起来了，清洁能源的价格下降了。这很关键：该协议呼吁各方重新审视各自的承诺，每五年一次，旨在跟上技术的步伐，加速转型，成为清洁能源经济体。这一过程--我们协议的里程碑--给我们提供了框架，建立全球性的问责制，这是前所未有的。我想分享的是我们取得的成就，远超过在巴黎设定的目标。10月初，国际民航组织制定了一个全行业协议。

#### 解析

* ratchet up ambition 越来越具雄心；越来越有雄心壮志。前文出现过的"gavel"与"ratchet up"互为近义词，因而此处也可用"gavel in ambition"
* "in order to ensure that we keep pace with the technology and that we accelerate the global transition to a clean energy economy"本句视译时需做简化处理，比如"in order to ensure that we keep pace with"处理为"旨在/以跟上……"；类似的还有"that we accelerate the global transition to a clean energy economy"，译作"加速转型，成为清洁能源经济体"。整句译为"旨在跟上技术的步伐，加速转型，成为清洁能源经济体"。
* well beyond 远远超过
* sector-wide 全行业；整个行业。类似词还有nation-wide（全国范围；整个国家），economy-wide（大水漫灌）等等。

## 第68&69周汉英视译

### 段落一

令与会的每一位来宾都感到惊喜的是，昨天夜里中国北京下了自去年入冬以来第一场有真正意义的或者说叫做有规模的雪。这是一个好兆头。它给粮食生产和城市环境改善都带来了好气象，人们会有好心情，好心情下会有好建议。中国发展高层论坛这几年来一直围绕着世界与中国经济发展，特别是应对金融危机展开深入的研讨，提出了很多很好的建议。本次论坛的主题是中国与世界宏观经济和结构调整，这个主题本身具有很强的针对性、现实性，也有长远意义。在此，我代表中国政府对于论坛的召开表示热烈的祝贺，对远道而来的嘉宾表示热烈的欢迎！

#### 参考译文

To everyone's surprise, last night Beijing had its first heavy snowfall. It's a good start. Grain production and urban environment can be better and people will be in good mood, which will offer some good advice. The forum in recent years focused on the world and China's economic development, especially on handling financial crisis. Many good pieces of advice were proposed. This forum's topic is "Macro Economical and Structural Adjustment in China and the World". It's well targeted and realistic and has far-reaching significance. On behalf of the Chinese government, I'd like to extend my congratulations on the forum and my welcome to all guests.

#### 解析

* "令与会的每一位来宾都感到惊喜的是，昨天夜里中国北京下了自去年入冬以来第一场有真正意义的或者说叫做有规模的雪"本句在处理时

  > * 需减词，如"每一位来宾"可为"每个人"或"所有人"，译作"everyone"或"all of us"；"中国北京"处理成"北京"即可；"入冬以来第一场……"中的"入冬以来"，因大雪降落在冬天，因而可略过不译。
  > * 需解读，如"第一场有真正意义的或者说叫做有规模的雪"实指"第一场大雪"，译作"a heavy snowfall"；
  > * 需预测先译，如"令与会的每一位来宾都感到惊喜的是"中的"令"为"to one's surprise"中的"to"，此句可以直接顺下去。
  > * 整句译作"To everyone's surprise, last night Beijing had its first heavy snowfall"。
* 好兆头 a good start
* "我代表中国政府对于论坛的召开表示热烈的祝贺，对远道而来的嘉宾表示热烈的欢迎！"为中文演讲的常用句子，可常诵读至脱口而出，处理时的视译技巧为预测先译。整句译作"On behalf of the Chinese government, I'd like to extend my congratulations on the forum and my welcome to all guests"。

### 段落二

推进结构调整，有利于激发经济增长的活力和动力、增强发展的可持续性、提高抗风险能力，有利于增强有效供给，抑制不合理需求，促进供求平衡，也有利于推动经济转型和模式创新，提高发展的质量和效益，促进经济和社会协调发展。

#### 参考译文

To advance structural adjustment will leverage economic growth, sustainability of the development, capacity of risk resistance. It will be good for effective supply, curbing unreasonable requirements, and promoting balance between supply and demand. It also will be conducive to the transition of the economy, quality and efficiency of development and the coordinated development of the economy and society.

#### 解析

* 本小段句式简单，由一个"推进结构调整"推导"有利于"引出的三个方面的作用。
* 有利于  leverage；be good for；be conducive to；benefit
