# Advanced 66-67

### 写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk交传小组”，该小组成立于2015年2月。现阶段，小组专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练，在巩固语言基本功的同时训练各类口译技能，为承担正式场合的口译打下坚实基础。

### 本周复盘说明

本周英译汉的练习材料是66-67周美国国务John Kerry的演讲（视频网址&文字网址：[http://t.cn/RXTJOuB），主题为全球气候变化。小组成员利用该材料练习了交替传译、同声传译和限时视译，并学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。自62周起，小组开始练习汉英限时视译，研究减字和简化方法、讨论英文表达。汉译英限时视译材料选自《实战视译》（林超伦著，中国对外翻译出版公司，2012）；66-67周练习的内容为中华人民共和国习近平主席在中美经贸合作论坛开幕式上的演讲，主题为“长远携手开创中美合作新局面”。本日志整理第66-67周练习的英译汉部分，以及汉英限时视译的重点、难点段落。](http://t.cn/RXTJOuB%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%BA%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E3%80%82%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%A5%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E4%BA%86%E4%BA%A4%E6%9B%BF%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%91%E3%80%81%E5%90%8C%E5%A3%B0%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%91%E5%92%8C%E9%99%90%E6%97%B6%E8%A7%86%E8%AF%91%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B6%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%8E%9F%E6%96%87%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E3%80%81%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%A5%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%A5%E5%BC%8F%E3%80%82%E8%87%AA62%E5%91%A8%E8%B5%B7%EF%BC%8C%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%84%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E6%B1%89%E8%8B%B1%E9%99%90%E6%97%B6%E8%A7%86%E8%AF%91%EF%BC%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%87%8F%E5%AD%97%E5%92%8C%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E3%80%81%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E3%80%82%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%91%E8%8B%B1%E9%99%90%E6%97%B6%E8%A7%86%E8%AF%91%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E9%80%89%E8%87%AA%E3%80%8A%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E8%A7%86%E8%AF%91%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%88%E6%9E%97%E8%B6%85%E4%BC%A6%E8%91%97%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%EF%BC%8C2012%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9B66-67%E5%91%A8%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E7%BB%8F%E8%B4%B8%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B%E5%BC%80%E5%B9%95%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%B2%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%BA%E2%80%9C%E9%95%BF%E8%BF%9C%E6%90%BA%E6%89%8B%E5%BC%80%E5%88%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%B0%E5%B1%80%E9%9D%A2%E2%80%9D%E3%80%82%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E6%95%B4%E7%90%86%E7%AC%AC66-67%E5%91%A8%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E7%9A%84%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%91%E6%B1%89%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%8B%B1%E9%99%90%E6%97%B6%E8%A7%86%E8%AF%91%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E3%80%81%E9%9A%BE%E7%82%B9%E6%AE%B5%E8%90%BD%E3%80%82)

## 第66&67周英译汉——会议发言知识点整理

### 段落一

Some time ago I travelled to another vibrant city – a city also rich with its own rich history – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. And I was there, sitting in a big room, surrounded by representatives from about 170 countries. We listened as expert after expert after expert described the growing threat of climate change and what it would mean for the world if we failed to act. The Secretary General of the conference was – he was an early leader on climate change, a man by the name of Maurice Strong, and he told us – I quote him: “Every bit of evidence I’ve seen persuades me that we are on a course leading to tragedy.”

#### 参考译文

一段时间以前，我去了另一个活力充沛的城市，它有着丰富历史，巴西的里约热内卢。当时我坐在一个大房间里，周围是各位代表们，来自大约170个国家。我们倾听着专家们的描述，日益增长的威胁来自气候变化。对全世界意味着什么，不采取行动会意味着什么。会议秘书长是早期领导人，应对气候变化事务，名叫莫里斯•斯特朗。他告诉我们，“一点一滴的证据使我相信，我们正走向灾难。”

#### 解析

* 背景知识：联合国于1992年6月3～14日在巴西里约热内卢召开的会议。这是继1972年6月瑞典斯德哥尔摩联合国人类环境会议之后，环境与发展领域中规模最大、级别最高的一次国际会议。有183个国家代表团，70个国际组织的代表参加了会议；有102位国家元首或政府首脑到会讲话。这次大会的宗旨是回顾第一次人类环境大会召开后20年来全球环境保护的历程，敦促各国政府和公众采取积极措施，协调合作，防止环境污染和生态恶化，为保护人类生存环境而共同做出努力。会议通过关于环境与发展的《里约热内卢宣言》（又称《地球宪章》）和《21世纪行动议程》，154个国家签署了《气候变化框架公约》，148个国家签署了《保护生物多样性公约》。大会还通过了有关森林保护的非法律性文件《关于森林问题的政府声明》。（来源：百度百科[http://t.cn/RX8sF58）](http://t.cn/RX8sF58%EF%BC%89)
* a city also rich with its own rich history 它有着丰富的历史
* “And I was there, sitting in a big room, surrounded by representatives from about 170 countries”中的“surrounded”被动变的，处理成“在周围的是”，简化为“周围是”，全句译作“当时我坐在一个大房间里，周围是各位代表们，来自大约170个国家。”
* “We listened as expert after expert after expert described// the growing threat of climate change// and what it would mean for the world if we failed to act”一句需注意断句（如//所示），整句译作“我们倾听着专家们的描述，日益增长的威胁来自气候变化。对全世界意味着什么，不采取行动会意味着什么”。
* “and he told us – I quote him: ‘Every bit of evidence I’ve seen persuades me that we are on a course leading to tragedy’”中的“I quote him”和“I’ve seen”可省译，于是整句简化处理为：他告诉我们，“一点一滴的证据使我相信，我们正走向灾难。”

### 段落二

We are seeing record droughts right now, and they’re already putting a strain on water resources around the world. We’ve already seen in various parts of the world – in Africa, for instance – people fighting each other over water, and we’ve seen more conflicts shaping up now over the limits of water. Back in the United States, President Obama just the other day visited California, where millions of people are now experiencing the 13th month of the worst drought the state has seen in 500 years. And no relief is in sight. What used to be a 100-year or a 500-year event is now repeating itself within 10 years.

#### 参考译文

我们看到创记录的干旱，已经造成水资源的紧缺状态，影响全世界。我们已经看到，世界各地，例如在非洲，人们相互争斗，争夺水资源。我们已经看到，有更多的冲突因缺水而起。在美国，奥巴马总统不久前到访了加利福尼亚州，那里数百万人正经历着第13个月的最严重的干旱，500年难遇。而且没有缓解的迹象。以往100年或500年才出现的情况，现在10年内就已再次发生。

#### 解析

* record droughts 创记录的干旱
* putting a strain on 使……极度紧张
* “people fighting each other over water, and we’ve seen more conflicts shaping up now over the limits of water”中的介词“over”作动词，即介词转动，译作“争夺”；limits of water直译为“水的限制”，也取“缺水”。整个句子译作“我们已经看到，有更多的冲突因缺水而起”。

## 第65周汉英视译

### 段落一

现在，中美两国每年人员往来超过３００万人次，平均每天有近１万人往返于太平洋两岸。中美关系已发展成为当今世界最重要、最富活力和最具潜力的双边关系之一。回顾中美经贸关系的发展历程，我对以下３点感受极为深刻。

#### 参考译文

Each year 3 million people travel between our two countries, or 10,000 people each day. The China-U.S. relationship has become one of the world’s most important, dynamic and promising bilateral relationships in the world.

#### 解析

* “中美两国每年人员往来超过３００万人次，平均每天有近１万人往返于太平洋两岸。

  > * “人员往来”译作“mutual visits”或“people travel between…”，因而放在句子里可有两种处理方式：Each year 3 million people travel between our two countries或Every year more than 3 million mutual visits are made。
  > * 前半句说明的是“中美两国每年人员往来超过３００万人次”这一基本情况，进而可推导出“平均每天有近１万人往返于太平洋两岸”，因此可用“or”来连接两个分句，译作“Each year 3 million people travel between our two countries, or 10,000 people each day”（推荐使用）；也可用非限制性定语从句对前半句进行修饰，即“Each year 3 million people travel between our two countries, which means 10,000 people each day”；后半句也可用介词短语，译作“with nearly 10,000 people traveling across the Pacific each day”；也可用equivalent to/equal to 10,000 people each day
  > * 补充说明：同样的情况在后文也会出现，是非常实用且经常出现的句式，以上几种处理方式都可借鉴，牢记有益。

### 段落二

第一，经贸合作已成为中美两国关系的最大亮点。现在，互利互惠的中美经贸关系正呈现合作领域持续拓展、合作规模日益扩大、合作层次不断提高的发展态势，双边贸易额已从建交当年不足２５亿美元发展到２０１１年的４４６６亿美元，增长近１８０倍，按目前增长速度，今年有望突破５０００亿美元。两国早已互为第二大贸易伙伴，中国已连续１０年成为美国增长最快的出口市场之一，既是美国农产品第一大出口市场，也是美国汽车、飞机等机电产品的重要海外市场。２０１１年，美国向中国出口农产品达到２３３亿美元，平均每个农场向中国出口农产品超过１万美元，每个农民向中国出口农产品接近４０００美元。

#### 参考译文

First, business cooperation has become a highlight in China-U.S. relations. Our trade has been expanding and growing toward a higher level. Our two-way trade increased from less than $2.5 billion to $446.6 billion. This year it is expected to exceed $500 billion. China and the United States have long been each other's second largest trading partners. For 10 years running, China has been one of the fastest growing export markets for the United States. It is the biggest market for American agricultural exports and an important market for American automobiles and aircraft. In 2011, the United States exported $23.3 billion worth of agricultural products to China, or $10,000 from each farm, $4,000 from each farmer.

#### 解析

* 经贸合作 economic cooperation; business cooperation
* “现在，中美经贸关系正呈现合作领域持续拓展、合作规模日益扩大、合作层次不断提高的发展态势。”本句中的“互利互惠的”可省译，原因是本篇材料基本上都在讲中美经贸关系的互利互惠； “领域……拓展（expanding）”，“规模……扩大(growing)”为中文表述的基本搭配，实际上“领域”、“规模”并无实际意义，可省译；整句简化译作“Our trade has been expanding and growing toward a higher level”。
* “双边贸易额已从建交当年不足２５亿美元发展到２０１１年的４４６６亿美元，增长近１８０倍，按目前增长速度，今年有望突破５０００亿美元”本句根据“从”可预测先译“increase”；“增长近１８０倍，按目前增长速度”都表示增长速度很快，可省译，直接将后文译出即可；全句译为“Our two-way trade increased from less than $2.5 billion to $446.6 billion. This year it is expected to exceed $500 billion”。
* 增长最快的出口市场 the fastest growing export markets
* 连续１０年&#x20;

  > * for 10 years running；
  > * for 10 years in a row；
  > * for 10 consecutive years；&#x20;
  > * for 10 straight years
* “也是美国汽车、飞机等机电产品的重要海外市场”中的“等机电产品”可省译，全句译作“an important market for American automobiles and aircraft”。
* “２０１１年，美国向中国出口农产品达到２３３亿美元，平均每个农场向中国出口农产品超过１万美元，每个农民向中国出口农产品接近４０００美元。”本句的前一句“美国向中国出口农产品达到２３３亿美元”可推导出后面的数字，因而翻译时有以下三种处理方式：

  > * 分开再译一句：It means that on average, each American farm sold more than $10,000 worth of farm produce to China and each famer sold nearly $4,000 worth of farm produce.（视译时不推荐该版本）
  > * which means $10,000 from each farm, $4,000 from each farmer.
  > * or $10,000 from each farm, $4,000 from each farmer.

### 段落三

中国企业赴美投资积极性也不断高涨，目前已在美设立直接投资企业１６００多家，覆盖制造、批发零售、商务服务、金融、科研技术服务和地质勘探等行业。可喜的是，这样的投资势头方兴未艾。

#### 参考译文

Chinese companies are investing in the United States with great enthusiasm. In US the direct investment involves over 1,600 projects covering manufacturing, wholesale, retail, business services, finance, research and development, geological prospecting and so on. It is gratifying to see the strong momentum of such investment activities.

#### 解析

* “目前已在美设立直接投资企业１６００多家”可做如下处理：&#x20;

  > * 遇到“设立”则译作“establish”，整句译成“In US, over 1,600 companies have been established through direct Chinese investment”
  > * 将“直接投资”当作句子的主语，借用谓语“involve”，“企业”则译作“projects”，整句译作“In US the direct investment involves over 1,600 projects”；特别要说明的是此处的“直接投资企业”可解读为“直接投资项目”，从而译作“projects”。
