# Advanced Week 52

运送#ScalersTalk口译进阶小组第52周训练日志

#### 写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk交传小组”，该小组成立于2015年2月，目前已完成虐口译训练（《英语三级口译实务》教材篇章精练与复盘）、口译通关训练（《英语二级口译实务》教材篇章精练与复盘以及口译进阶训练（英汉同声传译入门、政府工作报告汉英视译、英汉语言刻意训练）。2017年1月1日，小组正式更名为“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组，专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练。我们针对英译汉开展融“交替传译”、“无稿同传”、“限时视译”于一体的模块训练，汉译英部分将通过“反向进英”练习夯实成员的语言基础并继续通过政府工作报告汉译英帮助成员积累背景知识和有关中国各方面发展的表达。

#### 本周复盘说明

2017年的英译中采用分话题练习的形式。每月确定一个主题。本月主题为国际和平与安全，所用材料选自联合国大会、安理会及国际刑警组织等国际组织会议的现场发言。

本周英译汉的练习材料是《Remarks by the President Obama at UN》的英文视频，主题是反恐，涉foreign terrorist fighter（外国恐怖主义作战人员） 。在练完英汉交替传译、同声传译和限时视译后，学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。汉译英部分为国家主席习近平二〇一七年新年贺词听译和视译练习，这一材料高度概括了我们国家在过去一年取得的成果和对新一年的展望。我们学习了相关表达、积累了领域知识，这也是对我们之前学习政府工作报告成果的检验。

本次日志内容包括：\
1）Remarks by the President Obama at UN（视频网址[http://t.cn/RM6rYmc），完成交替传译、限时视译和同声传译练习；](http://t.cn/RM6rYmc%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E4%BA%A4%E6%9B%BF%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%91%E3%80%81%E9%99%90%E6%97%B6%E8%A7%86%E8%AF%91%E5%92%8C%E5%90%8C%E5%A3%B0%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%91%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%EF%BC%9B)\
2）国家主席习近平二〇一七年新年贺词。

### 第52周英译汉——联合国安理会第7272次会议发言知识点整理

#### 段落一

I congratulate you, Mr. President, on your country’s presidency of the Security Council this month. I thank you for your leadership in convening this Security Council summit. This is the second time that you have presided over this Council on a matter with grave implications for international peace and security. The world is witnessing a dramatic evolution in the nature of the terrorist threat. In the last year, terrorist attacks have killed, maimed and displaced many thousands of civilians — the vast majority of them Muslims — from Afghanistan to Somalia to Nigeria, from Iraq to Libya to Mali. Those attacks have been carried out by violent extremists who thrive in conditions of insecurity and injustice, fragility and failed leadership. Those groups ruthlessly hijack religion to control territory and vital economic resources. They brutalize women and girls. They target and slaughter minorities. They are the enemies of faith.

**参考译文**

祝贺您，主席先生，祝贺美国担任本月安理会轮值主席。感谢您领导主持了本次会议，这是第二次您主持安理会会议，事关国际和平与安全。全球正发生着重大变化，恐怖主义威胁的本质变化。去年，恐怖分子杀戮、残害、造成流离失所的人数以千计，绝大多数是穆斯林，他们来自阿富汗、索马里、尼日利亚、伊拉克、利比亚和马里。这些恐怖攻击的实施者是极端势力，他们活跃的地区缺乏安全与正义、政府脆弱、领导力薄弱。这些组织冷酷无情地劫持宗教来控制领土和重要经济资源，他们虐待妇女儿童，屠杀少数群体，他们是信仰的敌人。

**解析**

* hijack religion劫持宗教、打着宗教的旗号 &#x20;
* “killed, maimed and displaced many thousands of civilians”中的displace常译为“使……流离失所”，口译中，可以调整为“造成流离失所的人数以万计”。 &#x20;
* “violent extremists who thrive in conditions of insecurity and injustice, fragility and failed leadership”本句顺译难度较大。“他们活跃的地区缺乏安全与正义、政府脆弱、领导力薄弱。” &#x20;
* violent extremists暴力极端主义者/暴力极端势力 &#x20;

#### 段落二

As Muslim leaders around the world have said, groups like the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) — or Daesh — have nothing to do with Islam, and they certainly do not represent a State. They should more fittingly be called the Un-Islamic Non-State. Yet those groups have become a magnet for foreign terrorist fighters who are easy prey to simplistic appeals and siren songs.

**参考译文**

穆斯林的全球领袖说：伊斯兰国，即达伊沙与伊斯兰教毫无关系，绝不是一个国家。更恰当的叫法是非伊斯兰非国家组织。这些组织吸引外国恐怖主义战斗人员，他们蛊惑和谣言的引诱。

**解析**

* “Yet those groups have become a magnet for foreign terrorist fighters who are easy prey to simplistic appeals and siren songs.”中的名词a magnet翻译作动词吸引。顺译时可以在“magnet”后面断句，译为“这些组织成为了磁铁，吸引这外国恐怖主义战斗人员，他们极易受到蛊惑和谣言的引诱。” &#x20;

  > * siren songs：an enticing plea or appeal, especially one that is deceptively alluring.诱人的恳求，尤指那些带有欺骗性的诱惑的恳求或请求。Siren塞壬的歌声源自古老的希腊神话传说，塞壬是人面鸟身的海妖，飞翔在大海上，拥有天籁般的歌喉，常用歌声诱惑过路的航海者而使航船触礁沉没。 &#x20;
  > * be easy prey to 成为……的受害者

#### 段落三

The United Nations Al-Qaida/Taliban Monitoring Team estimates that more than 13,000 foreign terrorist fighters from over 80 Member States have joined ISIL and the al-Nusra Front. The growing phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters is a consequence, not a cause, of the conflict in Syria. A long period of upheaval and, until recently, unresponsive leadership in Iraq, coupled with outrageous human rights abuses in Syria, have created a hothouse of horrors. There can be no genuine protection of civilians if extremist groups are permitted to act with impunity and the Syrian Government continues its assault on its own people.

**参考译文**

联合国基地组织-塔利班检测小组估计超过1.3万外国恐怖主义战斗人员来自80多个成员国，他们已经加入伊斯兰国和自由阵线。日益增多的外国战斗人员是叙利亚持续冲突的结果，不是原因。长期的动荡、近来伊拉克缺乏领导力和叙利亚人权侵犯的问题成为恐怖滋生的温床。要想真正保护平民，极端组织就需要受到惩处，叙利亚政府不能继续袭击本国民众。

**解析**

* unresponsive leadership 字面是反应迟钝的领导力，可以翻译为“缺乏领导力”、“不作为的领导力”，意义相当于failed leadership。 &#x20;
* outrageous human rights abuses 侵犯/践踏人权，outrageous骇人听闻的 &#x20;
* a hothouse of horrors 恐怖主义的温床 &#x20;
* impunity 有罪不罚
* “There can be no genuine protection of civilians if extremist groups are permitted to act with impunity and the Syrian Government continues its assault on its own people”，需要反话正说，译为“要想真正保护平民，极端组织就需要受到惩处/不能不受到惩罚，叙利亚政府不能继续袭击本国民众”。 &#x20;

#### 段落四

The historic resolution that we just adopted enshrines our commitment to meet this challenge. It is legally binding. It establishes new obligations that nations must meet. Specifically, nations are required to “prevent and suppress the recruiting, organizing, transporting or equipping” of foreign terrorist fighters, as well as the financing of their travel or activities. Nations must “prevent the movement of terrorists or terrorist groups” through their territory, and ensure that their domestic laws allow for the prosecution of those who attempt to do so.

**参考译文**

这一历史性决议刚刚通过，彰显我们应对这一挑战的承诺，具有法律约束力。它确立了新职责，各国必须要履行。具体来说，各国需要防止和压制招募、组织、运送外国恐怖主义战斗人员以及为他们提供武器的行为，同时还要遏制为资助他们旅行与行动的行为。各国必须遏制恐怖分子的活动，保证国内法能够起诉试图这样做的人。

**解析**

* transporting or equipping of foreign terrorist fighters 运送外国恐怖主义战斗人员并为其提供装备 &#x20;
* the financing of their travel or activities “给他们的旅行和活动提供资金”或“资助他们的履行和活动” &#x20;
* “ ensure that their domestic laws allow for the prosecution of those who attempt to do so”中的名词prosecution译作动词起诉。 &#x20;

#### 段落五

This is the work that we must do as nations. These are the partnerships we must forge as an international community. And these are the standards that we now must meet. Yet even as we’re guided by the commitments that we make here today, let me close by stating the obvious. Resolutions alone will not be enough. Promises on paper cannot keep us safe. Lofty rhetoric and good intentions will not stop a single terrorist attack.\
The words spoken here today must be matched and translated into action, into deeds -- concrete action, within nations and between them, not just in the days ahead, but for years to come. For if there was ever a challenge in our interconnected world that cannot be met by any one nation alone, it is this: terrorists crossing borders and threatening to unleash unspeakable violence. These terrorists believe our countries will be unable to stop them. The safety of our citizens demand that we do. And I’m here today to say that all of you who are committed to this urgent work will find a strong and steady partner in the United States of America.

**参考译文**

这一工作必须在国家层面完成，这种伙伴关系必须在国际层面形成，这些标准我们必须达到。尽管承诺可以为我们提供指导，但最后我要明确表示：只有决议远远不够，纸上的承诺不能保证我们的安全，高谈阔论和美好意愿不能阻止恐怖袭击。今天所说的话必须辅以行动，并转化为切实的行动，各国内部和国家间都要这样做，不仅是未来几天，未来几年都要如此。如果有一项全球挑战不能由单个国家独自解决，那就是：恐怖份子跨越跨境，开展难以描述暴力活动。他们认为各国都不能阻止他们。为了公民的安全，我们必须阻止。各国只要承诺致力于这项紧迫的工作，美国都会成为其坚定、有力的伙伴。

**解析**

* “Yet even as we’re guided by the commitments that we make here today”译为“尽管承诺可以为我们提供指导”，由于这里的“the commitments that we make here today”指的就是本次大会刚刚通过的2178号决议，因此后置定语“that we make here today”可以省略不译。被动are guided by表示我们受到这些承诺的指导，或这些承诺引领着我们。
* “For if there was ever a challenge in our interconnected world that cannot be met by any one nation alone”译为如果有一项全球挑战不能由某个国家独自解决。

### 第52周汉译英——习近平主席2017新年致辞知识点整理

#### 段落一

同志们、朋友们、女士们、先生们：\
2016年即将过去，新年的钟声即将敲响。在这辞旧迎新的美好时刻，我向全国各族人民，向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞，向台湾同胞和海外侨胞，向世界各国各地区的朋友们，致以新年的祝福！

**参考译文**

Comrades and friends, ladies and gentlemen,\
The year of 2016 is about to end. The bell of the New Year is going to ring. At this happy/beautiful moment to bid farewell to the old and usher in the new, I’d like to/wish to extend my New Year wishes to people of all ethnical groups, to compatriots of Hong Kong Administrative Region, and Macao Administrative Region, and to compatriots of Taiwan, overseas Chinese and friends from all over the world.

**解析**

* “2016年即将过去”有两种译法：一是The year of 2016 is about to end，另一种是The year of 2016 is coming to an end。可积累使用。 &#x20;
* “在这辞旧迎新的美好时刻”中的“辞旧迎新”有多种译法，比如参考译文中的to bid farewell to the old and usher in the new，还有ring out the old year and ring in the new，close for the year and prepare for the next year，send out the old year and welcome in the New Year。当然，将其意译为 at the happy moment of the Festival也是一种可行的译法。 &#x20;

#### 段落二

“十三五”实现了开门红。我们积极践行新发展理念，加快全面建成小康社会进程，推动我国经济增长继续走在世界前列。我们积极推进全面深化改革，供给侧结构性改革迈出重要步伐，国防和军队改革取得重大突破，各领域具有四梁八柱性质的改革主体框架已经基本确立。我们积极推进全面依法治国，深化司法体制改革，全力促进司法公正、维护社会公平正义。我们积极推进全面从严治党，坚定不移“打虎拍蝇”，继续纯净政治生态，党风、政风、社会风气继续好转。

**参考译文**

The 13th Five-Year Plan has got off to a great start. We have been actively practicing new development theories, accelerating the process of building up a moderately prosperous society, and pushing forward our economic growth to be at the forefront of the world. We have also been actively enhancing and deepening comprehensive reform. We have made significant strides in the supply-side structural reform. National defense and military reform have made major breakthroughs. The main framework of reform, like that of a house with “4 beams and 8 columns”, has been basically established in all areas. We also have been actively pushing forward the rule of law, deepening the reform in the judicial system, exerting full efforts to enhance judicial fairness, and protecting social fairness and justice. We have been pushing forward the strict discipline of the Communist Party of China, and continuing to resolutely strike “tigers” and swat “flies” involved in corruption. We have continued purifying the political environment, and the work style and thinking of the Party, politics and society continue to improve.

**解析**

* “‘十三五’实现了开门红”中的“开门红” 比喻“工作、事业一开始就取得好的成绩、获得成功”，译作“get off to a great start”或者“made a good start”、“be a success from the very start”。
* “推动我国经济增长继续走在世界前列”解读为“推动我国经济增长，使其走在世界前列”，译作“push forward our economic growth to be at the forefront of the world”。 &#x20;
* “我们积极推进全面深化改革”解读为“我们积极推进和深化全面改革”，译作“we have been actively enhancing and deepening comprehensive reform”。 &#x20;
* “各领域具有四梁八柱性质的改革主体框架已经基本确立”中的“四梁八柱”为中国古代传统的建筑上的主体结构，也就是起支柱性作用的结构，因而本句可解读为“起支柱性作用的领域的主体框架已经基本确立”，译作“the main frame of reform in all fields with ‘multiple pillars’ has been established”； 也可以直译为“four beams and eight columns”， 运用类比的方式来说明“主体框架”，即“like that of a house with ‘4 beams and 8 columns’”。 &#x20;
* “我们积极推进全面从严治党，坚定不移‘打虎拍蝇’，继续纯净政治生态，党风、政风、社会风气继续好转。”本句的“从严治党”解读为“要求中国共产党严守纪律”，译作“push forward the strict discipline of the Communist Party of China”；“坚定不移‘打……’”即, unswervingly/resolutely/without hesitation crack down on/strike…；“风气”本义为风尚习气，即社会上或某个集体中流行的爱好或习惯、行为、风度。因而，“党风”和“政风”中的“风”意义相同，译作“the work style, thinking of the party and our government”；“社会风气”则译作“social conduct”。 &#x20;

#### 段落三

2016年，“中国天眼”落成启用，“悟空”号已在轨运行一年，“墨子号”飞向太空，神舟十一号和天宫二号遨游星汉，中国奥运健儿勇创佳绩，中国女排时隔12年再次登上奥运会最高领奖台……还有，通过改革，农村转移人口市民化更便利了，许多贫困地区孩子们上学条件改善了，老百姓异地办理身份证不用来回奔波了，一些长期无户口的人可以登记户口了，很多群众有了自己的家庭医生，每条河流要有“河长”了……这一切，让我们感到欣慰。

**参考译文**

In 2016, the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope was completed and went into operation; the “Wukong” satellite has been in orbit for a year; the “Micius” Quantum Science Experimental Satellite was launched; the Shenzhou-11 manned spacecraft and the Tiangong-2 spacelab ventured into the universe; the Chinese Olympians performed well with valor and the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team returned to the top of the Olympic podium after 12 years. Also, through reform, the citizenization process for those relocated from rural areas has become easier; schooling conditions have been improved for many children in poor areas; citizens can now get an identity card without returning to their original domicile; many people who for so long had no household registration have been officially registered; many people now have their own family doctors and each of the rivers will have a “river chief”. All this gives us great comfort and satisfaction.

**解析**

* 本段需特别注意“中国天眼”（500米口径球面射电望远镜）、“悟空”号（中国探测暗物质的科学卫星）、“墨子号”（世界首颗量子科学实验卫星）等词的译法。需要了解其所指然后再译出。 &#x20;
* “中国奥运健儿勇创佳绩，中国女排时隔12年再次登上奥运会最高领奖台……”这句话需要注意的是，中国女排属于中国奥运健儿的一部分，因而翻译时译成隶属关系，或者单独成句。
* “农村转移人口市民化”，简单地说，就是农业转移人口逐步成为真正的城镇居民，即其户籍所在地由农村迁到城镇，但是仅从户籍层面（落户）来讲又太过简单，不能诠释其真正的含义，故而直译“市民化”。
* “每条河流要有‘河长’了”。“长”即为“首领；君长；领袖；各种组织的位高者”，因而这句可直译作“each of the rivers will have a ‘river chief’”，不影响读者的理解；当然，在时间允许的条件下也可将其具体内容（保护水资源，免遭污染）译出，译作：“river chiefs” will be appointed across China for better protection of water resources against pollution in the country。

#### 段落四

2016年，在美丽的西子湖畔，我们举办了二十国集团领导人第十一次峰会，向世界贡献了中国智慧、中国方案，也向世界展示了美轮美奂的中国印象、中国风采。“一带一路”建设快速推进，亚洲基础设施投资银行正式开张。我们坚持和平发展，坚决捍卫领土主权和海洋权益。谁要在这个问题上做文章，中国人民决不答应！

**参考译文**

In 2016, at the beautiful West Lake (in Hangzhou), we held the 11th G20 Summit. We shared China’s wisdom and proposals with the world, while displaying a magnificent image and impression of China to the world. The Belt and Road Initiative has speeded up its progress and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was also officially launched. We stick to the path of peaceful development. We will resolutely safeguard our territory and sovereignty as well as our maritime rights. No matter who seeks to make an issue of this, the Chinese people will never give way.

**解析**

* “一带一路”有两种译法：the Belt and Road Initiative和One Belt One Road。 &#x20;
* “谁要在这个问题上做文章，中国人民决不答应！”中的“在这个问题上做文章”比喻“抓住一件事发议论或在上面打主意”。从译法上来说可有两种选择，一种如参考译文的顺译，施动者为人：No matter who seeks to make an issue of this（打主意）, the Chinese people will never give way。另一种为意译，即将前面的意思再重复一次，将重心放在行为（act）上：We will never tolerate any act that undermines our territorial sovereignty and maritime rights。

#### 段落五

2016年，我们隆重庆祝了中国共产党成立95周年、纪念了中国工农红军长征胜利80周年，我们要牢记为中国人民和中华民族作出贡献的前辈们，不忘初心、继续前进。\
同志们、朋友们、女士们、先生们！\
“新故相推，日生不滞。”即将到来的2017年，中国共产党将召开第十九次全国代表大会，全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党要继续发力。天上不会掉馅饼，努力奋斗才能梦想成真。

**参考译文**

In 2016, we solemnly celebrated the 95th anniversary of the Communist Party of China. We also commemorated the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Long March by the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army. We will remember those pioneers who have made contributions to the people of China and all ethnic Chinese. We should not forget the original aspiration and will carry on.\
Comrades and friends, ladies and gentlemen!\
“The new moves on from the old every day without fail.” In the forthcoming 2017, the CPC will convene its 19th National Congress. We must continue our efforts in comprehensively building up a moderately prosperous society, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively strengthening the rule of law, and comprehensively strengthening Party discipline. Pie doesn’t fall from the sky and only hard efforts will make dreams come true.

**解析**

* “不忘初心、继续前进”中的“初心” 意指做某件事的最初的初衷、最初的原因。随着时间的消逝，人们做某件事的初心也渐渐逝去，也就是“不忘初心，方得始终”的由来。这里的“初心”指的是我们的理想、使命。可如参考译文直译，也可反译成“we’ll remain committed to our mission”。
* “新故相推，日生不滞。”出自明朝王夫之所著的《尚书引义·太甲》。新，即为新生事物，与旧相对。日生，指太阳升起。滞，停滞不前。其大致意思是：新旧事物交替变更，不会随着时间的变化而停滞不前。译作“The new moves on from the old every day without fail”或“the world moves on in a never-ending process of the new replacing the old”。
* “天上不会掉馅饼，努力奋斗才能梦想成真。”版本一：Pie doesn’t fall from the sky and only hard efforts will make dreams come true. 版本二：No fruit will be reaped without hard work. We will be rewarded with achievements only after tireless endeavors. 前者直译，比较直观形象，遵从原文；后者意译，表达出原文隐含的意义。二者任选其一即可。 &#x20;

#### 段落六

小康路上一个都不能掉队！一年来，又有1000多万贫困人口实现了脱贫，奋战在脱贫攻坚一线的同志们辛苦了，我向同志们致敬。新年之际，我最牵挂的还是困难群众，他们吃得怎么样、住得怎么样，能不能过好新年、过好春节。我也了解，部分群众在就业、子女教育、就医、住房等方面还面临一些困难，不断解决好这些问题是党和政府义不容辞的责任。全党全社会要继续关心和帮助贫困人口和有困难的群众，让改革发展成果惠及更多群众，让人民生活更加幸福美满。

**参考译文**

No one should be left behind on the road to a moderately prosperous society! In the past year, more than 10 million people were lifted from poverty. For those who have been working hard on the frontline of eradicating poverty, thank you. You have my respect.\
At the very beginning of the New Year, what concerns me the most is those who are still in straitened circumstances. The deepest concern of my heart is how they fare and whether they will have a good New Year and a good Spring Festival. I also understand that some people still face challenges in employment, children’s education, health care and housing, and it is a bounden duty for the Party and government to solve those problems well. The whole Party and whole society should continue caring for and helping those who are living in poverty and difficulty. The fruits of reform and development will benefit more people and make people’s lives happier and fuller.

**解析**

* “小康路上一个都不能掉队！”解读为“在小康路上，任何人都不能被落下”，译作“No one should be left behind on the road to a moderately prosperous society（或者on the road to prosperity）”。 &#x20;
* “奋战在脱贫攻坚一线的同志们辛苦了，我向同志们致敬。”表达的是“……同志们努力为脱贫奋斗，非常感谢。”，并“向同志们致敬”（解读为“我很敬重你们”）。 &#x20;

#### 段落七

上下同欲者胜。只要我们13亿多人民和衷共济，只要我们党永远同人民站在一起，大家撸起袖子加油干，我们就一定能够走好我们这一代人的长征路。\
同志们、朋友们、女士们、先生们！\
中国人历来主张“世界大同，天下一家”。中国人民不仅希望自己过得好，也希望各国人民过得好。当前，战乱和贫困依然困扰着部分国家和地区，疾病和灾害也时时侵袭着众多的人们。我真诚希望，国际社会携起手来，秉持人类命运共同体的理念，把我们这个星球建设得更加和平、更加繁荣。

**参考译文**

A united and shared aspiration from the top to the bottom will be invincible. Only if the 1.3 billion-plus people work together with one heart, the Party always stands with the people, and we roll up our sleeves and work with added energy, can we succeed in the Long March of our generation.\
Comrades and friends, ladies and gentlemen!\
China believes that everyone belongs to one family in a united world. The Chinese people not only hope for a good life for ourselves, we also wish a good life for people in other countries. Now, some countries and regions are still troubled by war and poverty. Disease and disaster have also been plaguing many people. I sincerely hope that international community will join hands and uphold the vision of a community of common destiny for mankind to make our planet more peaceful and more prosperous.

**解析**

* “上下同欲者胜。”出自《孙子·谋攻》，意为：为了共同的目标上下齐心的人能成功。译作“success comes to those who share in one purpose”或见以上参考译文。 &#x20;
* “大家撸起袖子（roll up our sleeves）加油干（work with added energy）”形象生动；另一种思维是，“大家撸起袖子”就是为了“加油干”，因而前面部份也可省译。 &#x20;
* “世界大同，天下一家”中的“大同”是中国古代对理想社会的一种称谓，相当于西方的“乌托邦”。大同即没有私有制。如果世界都奉行“大同”，那么天下自然就是一家了。因而译作“China believes that everyone belongs to one family in a united world”或“The Chinese people have always believed that the world is a commonwealth”。 &#x20;

## ScalersTalk口译进阶小组第52周训练日志

#### 写在前面的话

“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组”的前身是“ScalersTalk交传小组”，该小组成立于2015年2月，目前已完成虐口译训练（《英语三级口译实务》教材篇章精练与复盘）、口译通关训练（《英语二级口译实务》教材篇章精练与复盘以及口译进阶训练（英汉同声传译入门、政府工作报告汉英视译、英汉语言刻意训练）。2017年1月1日，小组正式更名为“ScalersTalk口译进阶小组，专注高级阶段的交替传译与同声传译训练。我们针对英译汉开展融“交替传译”、“无稿同传”、“限时视译”于一体的模块训练，汉译英部分将通过“反向进英”练习夯实成员的语言基础并继续通过政府工作报告汉译英帮助成员积累背景知识和有关中国各方面发展的表达。

#### 本周复盘说明

2017年的英译中采用分话题练习的形式。每月确定一个主题。本月主题为国际和平与安全，所用材料选自联合国大会、安理会及国际刑警组织等国际组织会议的现场发言。

本周英译汉的练习材料是《Remarks by the President Obama at UN》的英文视频，主题是反恐，涉foreign terrorist fighter（外国恐怖主义作战人员） 。在练完英汉交替传译、同声传译和限时视译后，学习原文的词汇、表达和句型句式。汉译英部分为国家主席习近平二〇一七年新年贺词听译和视译练习，这一材料高度概括了我们国家在过去一年取得的成果和对新一年的展望。我们学习了相关表达、积累了领域知识，这也是对我们之前学习政府工作报告成果的检验。

本次日志内容包括：\
1）Remarks by the President Obama at UN（视频网址[http://t.cn/RM6rYmc），完成交替传译、限时视译和同声传译练习；](http://t.cn/RM6rYmc%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E4%BA%A4%E6%9B%BF%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%91%E3%80%81%E9%99%90%E6%97%B6%E8%A7%86%E8%AF%91%E5%92%8C%E5%90%8C%E5%A3%B0%E4%BC%A0%E8%AF%91%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%EF%BC%9B)\
2）国家主席习近平二〇一七年新年贺词。

### 第52周英译汉——联合国安理会第7272次会议发言知识点整理

#### 段落一

I congratulate you, Mr. President, on your country’s presidency of the Security Council this month. I thank you for your leadership in convening this Security Council summit. This is the second time that you have presided over this Council on a matter with grave implications for international peace and security. The world is witnessing a dramatic evolution in the nature of the terrorist threat. In the last year, terrorist attacks have killed, maimed and displaced many thousands of civilians — the vast majority of them Muslims — from Afghanistan to Somalia to Nigeria, from Iraq to Libya to Mali. Those attacks have been carried out by violent extremists who thrive in conditions of insecurity and injustice, fragility and failed leadership. Those groups ruthlessly hijack religion to control territory and vital economic resources. They brutalize women and girls. They target and slaughter minorities. They are the enemies of faith.

**参考译文**

祝贺您，主席先生，祝贺美国担任本月安理会轮值主席。感谢您领导主持了本次会议，这是第二次您主持安理会会议，事关国际和平与安全。全球正发生着重大变化，恐怖主义威胁的本质变化。去年，恐怖分子杀戮、残害、造成流离失所的人数以千计，绝大多数是穆斯林，他们来自阿富汗、索马里、尼日利亚、伊拉克、利比亚和马里。这些恐怖攻击的实施者是极端势力，他们活跃的地区缺乏安全与正义、政府脆弱、领导力薄弱。这些组织冷酷无情地劫持宗教来控制领土和重要经济资源，他们虐待妇女儿童，屠杀少数群体，他们是信仰的敌人。

**解析**

* hijack religion劫持宗教、打着宗教的旗号 &#x20;
* “killed, maimed and displaced many thousands of civilians”中的displace常译为“使……流离失所”，口译中，可以调整为“造成流离失所的人数以万计”。 &#x20;
* “violent extremists who thrive in conditions of insecurity and injustice, fragility and failed leadership”本句顺译难度较大。“他们活跃的地区缺乏安全与正义、政府脆弱、领导力薄弱。” &#x20;
* violent extremists暴力极端主义者/暴力极端势力 &#x20;

#### 段落二

As Muslim leaders around the world have said, groups like the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) — or Daesh — have nothing to do with Islam, and they certainly do not represent a State. They should more fittingly be called the Un-Islamic Non-State. Yet those groups have become a magnet for foreign terrorist fighters who are easy prey to simplistic appeals and siren songs.

**参考译文**

穆斯林的全球领袖说：伊斯兰国，即达伊沙与伊斯兰教毫无关系，绝不是一个国家。更恰当的叫法是非伊斯兰非国家组织。这些组织吸引外国恐怖主义战斗人员，他们蛊惑和谣言的引诱。

**解析**

* “Yet those groups have become a magnet for foreign terrorist fighters who are easy prey to simplistic appeals and siren songs.”中的名词a magnet翻译作动词吸引。顺译时可以在“magnet”后面断句，译为“这些组织成为了磁铁，吸引这外国恐怖主义战斗人员，他们极易受到蛊惑和谣言的引诱。” &#x20;

  > * siren songs：an enticing plea or appeal, especially one that is deceptively alluring.诱人的恳求，尤指那些带有欺骗性的诱惑的恳求或请求。Siren塞壬的歌声源自古老的希腊神话传说，塞壬是人面鸟身的海妖，飞翔在大海上，拥有天籁般的歌喉，常用歌声诱惑过路的航海者而使航船触礁沉没。 &#x20;
  > * be easy prey to 成为……的受害者

#### 段落三

The United Nations Al-Qaida/Taliban Monitoring Team estimates that more than 13,000 foreign terrorist fighters from over 80 Member States have joined ISIL and the al-Nusra Front. The growing phenomenon of foreign terrorist fighters is a consequence, not a cause, of the conflict in Syria. A long period of upheaval and, until recently, unresponsive leadership in Iraq, coupled with outrageous human rights abuses in Syria, have created a hothouse of horrors. There can be no genuine protection of civilians if extremist groups are permitted to act with impunity and the Syrian Government continues its assault on its own people.

**参考译文**

联合国基地组织-塔利班检测小组估计超过1.3万外国恐怖主义战斗人员来自80多个成员国，他们已经加入伊斯兰国和自由阵线。日益增多的外国战斗人员是叙利亚持续冲突的结果，不是原因。长期的动荡、近来伊拉克缺乏领导力和叙利亚人权侵犯的问题成为恐怖滋生的温床。要想真正保护平民，极端组织就需要受到惩处，叙利亚政府不能继续袭击本国民众。

**解析**

* unresponsive leadership 字面是反应迟钝的领导力，可以翻译为“缺乏领导力”、“不作为的领导力”，意义相当于failed leadership。 &#x20;
* outrageous human rights abuses 侵犯/践踏人权，outrageous骇人听闻的 &#x20;
* a hothouse of horrors 恐怖主义的温床 &#x20;
* impunity 有罪不罚
* “There can be no genuine protection of civilians if extremist groups are permitted to act with impunity and the Syrian Government continues its assault on its own people”，需要反话正说，译为“要想真正保护平民，极端组织就需要受到惩处/不能不受到惩罚，叙利亚政府不能继续袭击本国民众”。 &#x20;

#### 段落四

The historic resolution that we just adopted enshrines our commitment to meet this challenge. It is legally binding. It establishes new obligations that nations must meet. Specifically, nations are required to “prevent and suppress the recruiting, organizing, transporting or equipping” of foreign terrorist fighters, as well as the financing of their travel or activities. Nations must “prevent the movement of terrorists or terrorist groups” through their territory, and ensure that their domestic laws allow for the prosecution of those who attempt to do so.

**参考译文**

这一历史性决议刚刚通过，彰显我们应对这一挑战的承诺，具有法律约束力。它确立了新职责，各国必须要履行。具体来说，各国需要防止和压制招募、组织、运送外国恐怖主义战斗人员以及为他们提供武器的行为，同时还要遏制为资助他们旅行与行动的行为。各国必须遏制恐怖分子的活动，保证国内法能够起诉试图这样做的人。

**解析**

* transporting or equipping of foreign terrorist fighters 运送人员和设备的行动 &#x20;
* the financing of their travel or activities “给他们的旅行和活动提供资金”或“资助他们的履行和活动” &#x20;
* “ ensure that their domestic laws allow for the prosecution of those who attempt to do so”中的名词prosecution译作动词起诉。 &#x20;

#### 段落五

This is the work that we must do as nations. These are the partnerships we must forge as an international community. And these are the standards that we now must meet. Yet even as we’re guided by the commitments that we make here today, let me close by stating the obvious. Resolutions alone will not be enough. Promises on paper cannot keep us safe. Lofty rhetoric and good intentions will not stop a single terrorist attack.\
The words spoken here today must be matched and translated into action, into deeds -- concrete action, within nations and between them, not just in the days ahead, but for years to come. For if there was ever a challenge in our interconnected world that cannot be met by any one nation alone, it is this: terrorists crossing borders and threatening to unleash unspeakable violence. These terrorists believe our countries will be unable to stop them. The safety of our citizens demand that we do. And I’m here today to say that all of you who are committed to this urgent work will find a strong and steady partner in the United States of America.

**参考译文**

这一工作必须在国家层面完成，这种伙伴关系必须在国际层面形成，这些标准我们必须达到。尽管承诺可以为我们提供指导，但最后我要明确表示：只有决议远远不够，纸上的承诺不能保证我们的安全，高谈阔论和美好意愿不能阻止恐怖袭击。今天所说的话必须辅以行动，并转化为切实的行动，各国内部和国家间都要这样做，不仅是未来几天，未来几年都要如此。如果有一项全球挑战不能由单个国家独自解决，那就是：恐怖份子跨越跨境，开展难以描述暴力活动。他们认为各国都不能阻止他们。为了公民的安全，我们必须阻止。各国只要承诺致力于这项紧迫的工作，美国都会成为其坚定、有力的伙伴。

**解析**

* “Yet even as we’re guided by the commitments that we make here today”译为“尽管承诺可以为我们提供指导”，由于这里的“the commitments that we make here today”指的就是本次大会刚刚通过的2178号决议，因此后置定语“that we make here today”可以省略不译。被动are guided by表示我们受到这些承诺的指导，或这些承诺引领着我们。
* “For if there was ever a challenge in our interconnected world that cannot be met by any one nation alone”译为如果有一项全球挑战不能由某个国家独自解决。

### 第52周汉译英——习近平主席2017新年致辞知识点整理

#### 段落一

同志们、朋友们、女士们、先生们：\
2016年即将过去，新年的钟声即将敲响。在这辞旧迎新的美好时刻，我向全国各族人民，向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞，向台湾同胞和海外侨胞，向世界各国各地区的朋友们，致以新年的祝福！

**参考译文**

Comrades and friends, ladies and gentlemen,\
The year of 2016 is about to end. The bell of the New Year is going to ring. At this happy/beautiful moment to bid farewell to the old and usher in the new, I’d like to/wish to extend my New Year wishes to people of all ethnical groups, to compatriots of Hong Kong Administrative Region, and Macao Administrative Region, and to compatriots of Taiwan, overseas Chinese and friends from all over the world.

**解析**

* “2016年即将过去”有两种译法：一是The year of 2016 is about to end，另一种是The year of 2016 is coming to an end。可积累使用。 &#x20;
* “在这辞旧迎新的美好时刻”中的“辞旧迎新”有多种译法，比如参考译文中的to bid farewell to the old and usher in the new，还有ring out the old year and ring in the new，close for the year and prepare for the next year，send out the old year and welcome in the New Year。当然，将其意译为 at the happy moment of the Festival也是一种可行的译法。 &#x20;

#### 段落二

“十三五”实现了开门红。我们积极践行新发展理念，加快全面建成小康社会进程，推动我国经济增长继续走在世界前列。我们积极推进全面深化改革，供给侧结构性改革迈出重要步伐，国防和军队改革取得重大突破，各领域具有四梁八柱性质的改革主体框架已经基本确立。我们积极推进全面依法治国，深化司法体制改革，全力促进司法公正、维护社会公平正义。我们积极推进全面从严治党，坚定不移“打虎拍蝇”，继续纯净政治生态，党风、政风、社会风气继续好转。

**参考译文**

The 13th Five-Year Plan has got off to a great start. We have been actively practicing new development theories, accelerating the process of building up a moderately prosperous society, and pushing forward our economic growth to be at the forefront of the world. We have also been actively enhancing and deepening comprehensive reform. We have made significant strides in the supply-side structural reform. National defense and military reform have made major breakthroughs. The main framework of reform, like that of a house with “4 beams and 8 columns”, has been basically established in all areas. We also have been actively pushing forward the rule of law, deepening the reform in the judicial system, exerting full efforts to enhance judicial fairness, and protecting social fairness and justice. We have been pushing forward the strict discipline of the Communist Party of China, and continuing to resolutely strike “tigers” and swat “flies” involved in corruption. We have continued purifying the political environment, and the work style and thinking of the Party, politics and society continue to improve.

**解析**

* “‘十三五’实现了开门红”中的“开门红” 比喻“工作、事业一开始就取得好的成绩、获得成功”，译作“get off to a great start”或者“made a good start”、“be a success from the very start”。
* “推动我国经济增长继续走在世界前列”解读为“推动我国经济增长，使其走在世界前列”，译作“push forward our economic growth to be at the forefront of the world”。 &#x20;
* “我们积极推进全面深化改革”解读为“我们积极推进和深化全面改革”，译作“we have been actively enhancing and deepening comprehensive reform”。 &#x20;
* “各领域具有四梁八柱性质的改革主体框架已经基本确立”中的“四梁八柱”为中国古代传统的建筑上的主体结构，也就是起支柱性作用的结构，因而本句可解读为“起支柱性作用的领域的主体框架已经基本确立”，译作“the main frame of reform in all fields with ‘multiple pillars’ has been established”； 也可以直译为“four beams and eight columns”， 运用类比的方式来说明“主体框架”，即“like that of a house with ‘4 beams and 8 columns’”。 &#x20;
* “我们积极推进全面从严治党，坚定不移‘打虎拍蝇’，继续纯净政治生态，党风、政风、社会风气继续好转。”本句的“从严治党”解读为“要求中国共产党严守纪律”，译作“push forward the strict discipline of the Communist Party of China”；“坚定不移‘打……’”即, unswervingly/resolutely/without hesitation crack down on/strike…；“风气”本义为风尚习气，即社会上或某个集体中流行的爱好或习惯、行为、风度。因而，“党风”和“政风”中的“风”意义相同，译作“the work style, thinking of the party and our government”；“社会风气”则译作“social conduct”。 &#x20;

#### 段落三

2016年，“中国天眼”落成启用，“悟空”号已在轨运行一年，“墨子号”飞向太空，神舟十一号和天宫二号遨游星汉，中国奥运健儿勇创佳绩，中国女排时隔12年再次登上奥运会最高领奖台……还有，通过改革，农村转移人口市民化更便利了，许多贫困地区孩子们上学条件改善了，老百姓异地办理身份证不用来回奔波了，一些长期无户口的人可以登记户口了，很多群众有了自己的家庭医生，每条河流要有“河长”了……这一切，让我们感到欣慰。

**参考译文**

In 2016, the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope was completed and went into operation; the “Wukong” satellite has been in orbit for a year; the “Micius” Quantum Science Experimental Satellite was launched; the Shenzhou-11 manned spacecraft and the Tiangong-2 spacelab ventured into the universe; the Chinese Olympians performed well with valor and the Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team returned to the top of the Olympic podium after 12 years. Also, through reform, the citizenization process for those relocated from rural areas has become easier; schooling conditions have been improved for many children in poor areas; citizens can now get an identity card without returning to their original domicile; many people who for so long had no household registration have been officially registered; many people now have their own family doctors and each of the rivers will have a “river chief”. All this gives us great comfort and satisfaction.

**解析**

* 本段需特别注意“中国天眼”（500米口径球面射电望远镜）、“悟空”号（中国探测暗物质的科学卫星）、“墨子号”（世界首颗量子科学实验卫星）等词的译法。需要了解其所指然后再译出。 &#x20;
* “中国奥运健儿勇创佳绩，中国女排时隔12年再次登上奥运会最高领奖台……”这句话需要注意的是，中国女排属于中国奥运健儿的一部分，因而翻译时译成隶属关系，或者单独成句。
* “农村转移人口市民化”，简单地说，就是农业转移人口逐步成为真正的城镇居民，即其户籍所在地由农村迁到城镇，但是仅从户籍层面（落户）来讲又太过简单，不能诠释其真正的含义，故而直译“市民化”。
* “每条河流要有‘河长’了”。“长”即为“首领；君长；领袖；各种组织的位高者”，因而这句可直译作“each of the rivers will have a ‘river chief’”，不影响读者的理解；当然，在时间允许的条件下也可将其具体内容（保护水资源，免遭污染）译出，译作：“river chiefs” will be appointed across China for better protection of water resources against pollution in the country。

#### 段落四

2016年，在美丽的西子湖畔，我们举办了二十国集团领导人第十一次峰会，向世界贡献了中国智慧、中国方案，也向世界展示了美轮美奂的中国印象、中国风采。“一带一路”建设快速推进，亚洲基础设施投资银行正式开张。我们坚持和平发展，坚决捍卫领土主权和海洋权益。谁要在这个问题上做文章，中国人民决不答应！

**参考译文**

In 2016, at the beautiful West Lake (in Hangzhou), we held the 11th G20 Summit. We shared China’s wisdom and proposals with the world, while displaying a magnificent image and impression of China to the world. The Belt and Road Initiative has speeded up its progress and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was also officially launched. We stick to the path of peaceful development. We will resolutely safeguard our territory and sovereignty as well as our maritime rights. No matter who seeks to make an issue of this, the Chinese people will never give way.

**解析**

* “一带一路”有两种译法：the Belt and Road Initiative和One Belt One Road。 &#x20;
* “谁要在这个问题上做文章，中国人民决不答应！”中的“在这个问题上做文章”比喻“抓住一件事发议论或在上面打主意”。从译法上来说可有两种选择，一种如参考译文的顺译，施动者为人：No matter who seeks to make an issue of this（打主意）, the Chinese people will never give way。另一种为意译，即将前面的意思再重复一次，将重心放在行为（act）上：We will never tolerate any act that undermines our territorial sovereignty and maritime rights。

#### 段落五

2016年，我们隆重庆祝了中国共产党成立95周年、纪念了中国工农红军长征胜利80周年，我们要牢记为中国人民和中华民族作出贡献的前辈们，不忘初心、继续前进。\
同志们、朋友们、女士们、先生们！\
“新故相推，日生不滞。”即将到来的2017年，中国共产党将召开第十九次全国代表大会，全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党要继续发力。天上不会掉馅饼，努力奋斗才能梦想成真。

**参考译文**

In 2016, we solemnly celebrated the 95th anniversary of the Communist Party of China. We also commemorated the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Long March by the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army. We will remember those pioneers who have made contributions to the people of China and all ethnic Chinese. We should not forget the original aspiration and will carry on.\
Comrades and friends, ladies and gentlemen!\
“The new moves on from the old every day without fail.” In the forthcoming 2017, the CPC will convene its 19th National Congress. We must continue our efforts in comprehensively building up a moderately prosperous society, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively strengthening the rule of law, and comprehensively strengthening Party discipline. Pie doesn’t fall from the sky and only hard efforts will make dreams come true.

**解析**

* “不忘初心、继续前进”中的“初心” 意指做某件事的最初的初衷、最初的原因。随着时间的消逝，人们做某件事的初心也渐渐逝去，也就是“不忘初心，方得始终”的由来。这里的“初心”指的是我们的理想、使命。可如参考译文直译，也可反译成“we’ll remain committed to our mission”。
* “新故相推，日生不滞。”出自明朝王夫之所著的《尚书引义·太甲》。新，即为新生事物，与旧相对。日生，指太阳升起。滞，停滞不前。其大致意思是：新旧事物交替变更，不会随着时间的变化而停滞不前。译作“The new moves on from the old every day without fail”或“the world moves on in a never-ending process of the new replacing the old”。
* “天上不会掉馅饼，努力奋斗才能梦想成真。”版本一：Pie doesn’t fall from the sky and only hard efforts will make dreams come true. 版本二：No fruit will be reaped without hard work. We will be rewarded with achievements only after tireless endeavors. 前者直译，比较直观形象，遵从原文；后者意译，表达出原文隐含的意义。二者任选其一即可。 &#x20;

#### 段落六

小康路上一个都不能掉队！一年来，又有1000多万贫困人口实现了脱贫，奋战在脱贫攻坚一线的同志们辛苦了，我向同志们致敬。新年之际，我最牵挂的还是困难群众，他们吃得怎么样、住得怎么样，能不能过好新年、过好春节。我也了解，部分群众在就业、子女教育、就医、住房等方面还面临一些困难，不断解决好这些问题是党和政府义不容辞的责任。全党全社会要继续关心和帮助贫困人口和有困难的群众，让改革发展成果惠及更多群众，让人民生活更加幸福美满。

**参考译文**

No one should be left behind on the road to a moderately prosperous society! In the past year, more than 10 million people were lifted from poverty. For those who have been working hard on the frontline of eradicating poverty, thank you. You have my respect.\
At the very beginning of the New Year, what concerns me the most is those who are still in straitened circumstances. The deepest concern of my heart is how they fare and whether they will have a good New Year and a good Spring Festival. I also understand that some people still face challenges in employment, children’s education, health care and housing, and it is a bounden duty for the Party and government to solve those problems well. The whole Party and whole society should continue caring for and helping those who are living in poverty and difficulty. The fruits of reform and development will benefit more people and make people’s lives happier and fuller.

**解析**

* “小康路上一个都不能掉队！”解读为“在小康路上，任何人都不能被落下”，译作“No one should be left behind on the road to a moderately prosperous society（或者on the road to prosperity）”。 &#x20;
* “奋战在脱贫攻坚一线的同志们辛苦了，我向同志们致敬。”表达的是“……同志们努力为脱贫奋斗，非常感谢。”，并“向同志们致敬”（解读为“我很敬重你们”）。 &#x20;

#### 段落七

上下同欲者胜。只要我们13亿多人民和衷共济，只要我们党永远同人民站在一起，大家撸起袖子加油干，我们就一定能够走好我们这一代人的长征路。\
同志们、朋友们、女士们、先生们！\
中国人历来主张“世界大同，天下一家”。中国人民不仅希望自己过得好，也希望各国人民过得好。当前，战乱和贫困依然困扰着部分国家和地区，疾病和灾害也时时侵袭着众多的人们。我真诚希望，国际社会携起手来，秉持人类命运共同体的理念，把我们这个星球建设得更加和平、更加繁荣。

**参考译文**

A united and shared aspiration from the top to the bottom will be invincible. Only if the 1.3 billion-plus people work together with one heart, the Party always stands with the people, and we roll up our sleeves and work with added energy, can we succeed in the Long March of our generation.\
Comrades and friends, ladies and gentlemen!\
China believes that everyone belongs to one family in a united world. The Chinese people not only hope for a good life for ourselves, we also wish a good life for people in other countries. Now, some countries and regions are still troubled by war and poverty. Disease and disaster have also been plaguing many people. I sincerely hope that international community will join hands and uphold the vision of a community of common destiny for mankind to make our planet more peaceful and more prosperous.

**解析**

* “上下同欲者胜。”出自《孙子·谋攻》，意为：为了共同的目标上下齐心的人能成功。译作“success comes to those who share in one purpose”或见以上参考译文。 &#x20;
* “大家撸起袖子（roll up our sleeves）加油干（work with added energy）”形象生动；另一种思维是，“大家撸起袖子”就是为了“加油干”，因而前面部份也可省译。 &#x20;
* “世界大同，天下一家”中的“大同”是中国古代对理想社会的一种称谓，相当于西方的“乌托邦”。大同即没有私有制。如果世界都奉行“大同”，那么天下自然就是一家了。因而译作“China believes that everyone belongs to one family in a united world”或“The Chinese people have always believed that the world is a commonwealth”。 &#x20;
